t^B!8*?lU4®< 


&8®3®Sf. 


GEORGE  SUMNER. 


CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION 


or 


|-|ARJFO^D 


26lh|, 


HARTFORD,  Cl)NN.: 

PRKSS  OF  THE  PLIMPTON  MK<;.  Co. 

1893. 


COMMITTEE  OF  PUBLICATION 


JOHN  B.   LEWIS,  M.  1). 

GIDEON  C.  SEdUR,  M.I). 

JOSEPH  E.  ROOT,  M.  I). 


OFFICERS 

PRESIDENT 

W.   A.   M.  WAINWRIGHT,  M.I). 
CLERK 

JOSEPH  E.  ROOT,  M.  D. 

CENSORS 

M.  STORRS,  M.  1). 

R.   W.   (IRIS WOLD,  M.  D. 

G.  W.  A  VERY,  M.  D. 


CENTENNIAL   COMMITTEE 


W.  A.   M.  WAIN  WRIGHT, 
G.  W.  RUSSELL, 
H.  P.  STEARNS, 
J.   B.  LEWIS, 
N.   MAYER, 

JOS.   E.  ROOT, 
G.  C.  SEGUR, 

J.  O'FLAHERTY, 


A.  G.  COOK, 

S.  E.  ST.  JOHN, 
S.  R.  EURNAP, 

E.  P.  SWASEY, 
G.  F.   LEWIS, 
C.  WOOSTER, 
H.  C.  EUNCE, 
J.   N.  PARKER, 


E.  j.  MCKNIGHT. 


CENTENNIAL 

ANN  I  VERSA  RV  CELEBRATION 

()F    THE 

HARTFORD  COUNTY   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION 
UNITY  HALL,   HARTFORD,  CONN.,  SEPT.  •>»;,    ISir* 


ORDER  OF  EXERCISES 
fy  Music 

OPENING  ADDRESS     .     .    W.  A.  M.  WAIN\VKK;HT,  A.  M.,  M.  I). 
HISTORICAL  SKETCH      .     .     .       JOSEPH  E.  ROOT,  P>.  S.,  M.  I). 

Music 

ADDRESS Mayor  \Vn.i. IAM  WAI. no  HYDF. 

POEM        NATHAN   MAYER,  M.I). 

Music 

ADDRESS RCY.  CEO.  WILLIAMSON  SMITH,  I).  I). 

ADDRESS HENRY  C.  ROBINSON,  LL.  I). 

ADDRESS CHARLES  DUDLEY  WARNER. 

Music 

aa.  <].  s. 
M.  Sig. — To  be  taken  in  one  dose  every  one  hundred  years. 


Copyright— D.  Applcton  &  Co. 


PURSUANT  to  an  action  taken  at  the  spring  meeting, 
and  in  accordance  with  details  carried  out  by  the 
duly  authorized  centennial  committee,  the  members 
of  the  Hartford  County  Medical  Association,  and  invited 
friends  and  guests,  assembled  at  Unity  Hall,  Hartford, 
Connecticut,  Sept.  26,  at  1 1  A.  M.,  to  celebrate  the  one 
hundredth  anniversary  of  the  association,  which,  falling 
upon  Sunday,  the  25th  inst,  was  observed  the  26th.  The 
stage  was  handsomely  decorated  with  plants  and  flowers, 
and  upon  the  platform  were  seated  eminent  citizens  and 
professional  men. 

After  an  overture  by  the  orchestra,  which  interspersed 
the  exercises  with  music,  the  president,  Dr.  W.  A.  M. 
Wainwright,  delivered  the  opening  address  as  follows  : 


PRESIDENT'S   ADDRESS. 

Members  of  the  Hartford  County  Medical  Association. 

LADIES  ANJ>  GKNTI.KMF.X:  —  A  hundred  years  in  the 
world's  history  is  perhaps  as  a  single  pebble  upon  the  beach  : 
but  to  us,  who  move  and  play  our  parts  upon  the  stage  of  life, 
it  is  a  long  and  momentous  lapse  of  time  —  more  than  the 
natural  span  of  human  life  ;  and  if  some  solitary  traveler  does 
journey  on  toward  the  hundredth  milestone,  his  path  is  hard 
and  toilsome,  and  "his  strength  is  but  labor  and  sorrow."  It 
is  a  solemn  thought  that,  as  one  can  almost  say,  there  is  no 
human  being,  or  so  far  as  we  know  any  living  creature,  alive 
to-day  who  drew  breath  at  the  beginning  of  the  epoch  we  are 
here  to  commemorate.  So  it  seems  to  me  that  it  affords  matter 
for  serious  reflection,  for  those  of  us  who  meet  here,  to  look 
back  into  the  century  just  ended,  and  to  take  the  first  step  into 
the  century  just  begun. 

Looking  backward  calls  to  mind  the  lines  found  on  an 
ancient  clock  :  — 

"I'm  old  and  worn,  as  my  face  appears, 
For  I've  walked  on  time  for  a  hundred  years. 
Many  have  fallen  since  my  race  begun, 
Many  will  fall  ere  my  race  I've  run. 
I've  buried  the  world,  with  its  hopes  and  fears, 
In  my  long,  long  march  of  a  hundred  years." 

What  the  coming  century  will  bring  forth,  of  course  no 
tongue  can  tell,  nor  how  those  celebrating  the  two  hundredth 
anniversary  of  our  association  will  look  upon  our  efforts  of 
to-day.  We  ought,  however,  I  think,  to  consider  ourselves  for- 
tunate that  we  live  in  the  age  of  our  country's  centennials. 
It  is  no  light  matter  to  have  been  privileged  to  join  in  cele- 
brating the  wonderful  development  of  our  nation  ;  the  marvel- 

(11) 


ous  discoveries  of  science  ;  the  innumerable  improvements 
in  all  the  ways  and  walks  of  life  which  the  last  century  has 
brought  forth,  and  of  which  we,  in  this  year  of  grace,  are 
reaping  the  benefits. 

Looking  back  into  the  past,  it  seems  a  blessed  thing  to 
have  been  born  and  to  live  in  the  nineteenth  century.  Life 
is  a  very  different  thing  to-day  from  what  it  was  a  hundred  — 
nay,  fifty  years  ago.  It  almost  takes  one's  breath  away  to 
stop  and  think  of  the  immense  strides  that  have  been  taken 
since  our  century  began,  in  the  advancement  of  all  things  that 
go  to  make  up  the  civilization  of  to-day.  Only  to  begin  to 
enumerate  the  most  important  of  them  would  take  much  more 
time  than  has  been  allotted  to  me. 

To  the  lasting  honor  of  the  medical  profession,  it  can  be 
said  with  the  utmost  truth,  that  in  no  branch  of  any  art  or 
science  has  the  advancement  been  greater  than  in  our  own  ; 
and  to  no  one  class  of  men  is  the  world  more  indebted  to-day 
than  it  is  to  noble  and  honored  members  of  our  craft.  To 
name  them  all  would  be  to  fill  a  volume  ;  but  to  prove  that  the 
pride  which  is  in  us  is  not  false  in  character,  I  have  but  to 
mention  the  names  of  Kichat,  Broussais,  Laennec,  Louis, 
Trousseau,  Hunter,  Sydenham,  Cullen,  Jenner,  Bright,  Cooper, 
Skoda,  Rokitansky,  Virchow,  Pasteur,  Koch,  Rush,  Warren, 
Mitchell,  Bard,  Physick,  Hosack,  Dewees,  Sims,  Nathan  Smith, 
Mott,  Van  Buren,  Gross,  McDowell,  Kimball,  Atlee,  Knight, 
Wells,  Simpson  ;  and  a  name  which  is  almost  unheard,  if  not 
entirely  unknown  to  most  of  us,  but  one  which  ought  to  go 
down  to  posterity  with  the  rest — Dr.  Carl  Koller,  of  New 
York,  who,  when  a  medical  student  in  Vienna,  discovered  the 
anaesthetic  properties  of  cocaine. 

When  it  is  taken  into  consideration  that  whatever  has 
been  done  in  our  ranks  during  the  last  century  has  been  done 
for  the  good  of  the  human  race,  to  relieve  its  sufferings,  to  give 
it  life  and  health  and  strength,  and  under  God  to  increase 
the  number  of  its  days,  we  may,  I  think,  be  pardoned  for  the 
honest  pride  we  have  in  meeting  here  to  celebrate  the  end  of 

(12) 


our  first  hundred  years'  work,  and  to  do  honor  to  those  of  us 
who  have  passed  on  before. 

It  is  not  only  "the  evil  that  men  do  that  lives  after  them  :" 
it  is  the  good  that  they  have  done  that  "makes  the  whole 
world  kin,"  that  keeps  their  memories  ever  green,  and  that 
makes  us  love  to  talk  and  think  of  their  noble  lives,  and  their 
unselfish  deeds,  which  have  made  life  a  hundred  times  more 
worth  living  to-day  than  it  was  a  hundred  years  ago. 

That  the  Hartford  County  Medical  Association  has  well 
played  its  part  in  the  century's  humanitarian  work  would  not 
be  difficult  to  prove.  "  By  their  fruits  shall  ye  know  them." 
I  do  not  intend  to  encroach  upon  the  province  of  our  his- 
torian, but  I  cannot  forbear  to  mention  some  of  its  monu- 
ments : —  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  the  Retreat  for  the 
Insane,  the  Hartford  Hospital,  and,  connected  with  it,  the  Old 
People's  Home.  Of  course,  and  for  which  God  be  praised,  it 
is  to  the  noble  and  generous  liberality  of  the  ever-ready  body 
of  laymen  that  our  county  and  our  city  are  indebted  for  the 
foundation  and  maintenance  of  these  most  noble  charities. 
But  the  Paul  that  planted,  and  the  Apollos  that  watered, 
were,  to  our  honor  be  it  said,  members  of  the  Hartford 
County  Medical  Association  :  Cogswell,  Todd,  Sylvester  Wells, 
Carrington,  Pardon  Brownell,  Sumner,  Woodward,  Brigham, 
Pierson,  Gridley,  Butler,  Fuller,  Beresford,  Hawley,  Hunt, 
Jackson. 

It  seems  a  fitting  thing  that  we  should  invite  our  breth- 
ren of  the  other  "learned  professions" — divinity,  law,  and 
literature  —  to  join  with  us  in  this  celebration.  From  the 
beginning,  medicine  has  been  bound  up  more  or  less  inti- 
mately with  them  all ;  and  to-day,  while  perhaps  the  pathways 
separate  more  than  they  did  in  the  early  days,  the  respect 
and  regard  which  medicine  holds  for  them  all  is  still  most 
strong  and  firm.  The  connection  between  the  church  and 
medicine  has  always  been  a  most  intimate  one.  With  the 
ancients,  the  idea  prevailing  that  all  disease  was  caused  by 
the  anger  of  the  gods  naturally  placed  its  treatment  in  the 

(13) 


hands  of  the  priests.  During  the  Middle  Ages,  physicians 
were  invariably  priests,  and  owing  to  a  canon  of  the  church 
which  forbade  a  priest  to  shed  human  blood,  operative  surgery 
was  turned  over  to  the  barber  surgeons.  We  owe  to  the 
church  the  foundation  of  hospitals  and  dispensaries.  They 
had  their  birth  in  the  monastic  system.  Every  monastery 
had  its  "  infirmaria,"  presided  over  by  its  "  infirmarius." 
The  establishment  was  not  only  for  the  sick  ;  it  also  fur- 
nished a  place  of  refuge  for  the  aged  and  the  blind. 

The  first  hospital  in  England  was  founded  by  Lanfranc, 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  in  1080,  and  all  the  establishments 
for  the  care  of  the  sick  remained  in  the  hands  of  the  clergy 
until  after  the  reformation.  In  our  own  early  colonial  clays, 
the  offices  of  minister  and  physician  were  in  many  instances 
united  in  the  same  individual. 

In  a  thousand  ways  is  medicine  indebted  to  the  church, 
and  it  is  a  debt  which  we  are  ever  ready  to  acknowledge  and 
do  our  best  to  pay.  The  doctor  and  the  clergyman  often  meet 
in  the  never-ending  conflict  which  the  "grim  monster  Death" 
is  unceasingly  waging  against  our  kind.  Standing  shoulder  to 
shoulder,  they  strengthen  each  other  ;  and  if  a  victory  is  not 
won,  they  together  make  defeat  as  little  cruel  as  it  can  be  made. 

By  the  law  we  are  often  used  as  well  as  abused,  but  the 
connection  between  the  two  professions  is  a  close  and  cordial 
one.  To  tell  what  the  connection  is,  would  be  to  give  a  his- 
tory of  the  origin  and  growth  of  medical  jurisprudence  and 
public  hygiene  ;  which  is  not  in  the  province  of  this  address, 
even  if  the  time  would  allow. 

That  we  are  a  prolific  race  of  writers,  a  glance  at  the 
shelves  of  the  great  medical  library  of  the  surgeon-general's 
office  at  Washington,  with  its  80,000  medical  volumes  and  its 
120,000  medical  pamphlets,  would  easily  prove  ;  to  say  nothing 
of  the  ever-increasing  army  of  medical  periodicals,  to  all  of 
which  we  are  so  constantly  and  earnestly  called  upon  to  sub- 
scribe. But  it  is  not  only  in  medical  literature  that  we  claim 
a  place.  In  the  realms  of  general  literature  and  belles  lettres, 

(14) 


many  a  brilliant  medical  star  has  cast  a  shining  light.  St. 
Luke  was  a  physician.  So  were  John  Locke  and  Oliver  (.old- 
smith,  Keats,  Akenside,  ('ral)be.  Sir  Thomas  Ilnmne,  John 
Brown,  Erasmus  Darwin,  \Volcott  (Peter  I'indar,  as  he  was 
better  known),  Sir  James  Mackintosh.  In  this  country,  Dra- 
per, Francis,  Hosack,  Mitchell,  IVrcival,  Holmes,  Parsons. 
Weir  Mitchell,  Hammond,  and  many  other  lesser  lights. 

Our  own  county  held  its  own  in  the  past.  James  ('.. 
Percival,  noted  poet  and  geologist;  Dr.  Lemuel  Hopkins,  a  poet 
and  political  writer  of  much  note  in  his  day  ;  Dr.  Llihu  11. 
Smith,  who  wrote  an  opera  in  three  acts  in  1]DT,  entitled 
"Edwin  and  Angelina,"  and  in  1798  a  five-act  tragedy  entitled 
"Andre"  ;  Dr.  Sylvester  Wells,  Dr.  (leorge  Sumner. 

Eor  the  present  it  is  needless  for  me  to  say  that  the  poet's 
mantle  has  fallen  upon  strong  and  able  shoulders,  and  our 
local  reputation  will  not  be  allowed  to  become  dim  or  tarnished. 

A  more  intimate  knowledge  of  French  and  (ierman 
authors  than  I  possess  would  doubtless  call  to  mind  many 
distinguished  medical  names  by  which  the  general  literature 
of  their  respective  tongues  has  in  like  manner  been  enriched. 
An  authority  on  the  subject  says,  "The  number  of  brilliant 
writers  who  have  enrolled  themselves  in  the  medical  fraternity 
is  remarkable.  If  they  derived  no  benefit  from  their  order, 
they  have  at  least  conferred  luster  upon  it." 

"Anything  like  a  complete  enumeration  of  medical  men 
who  have  made  valuable  contributions  to  belles  lettres  would 
fill  a  volume." 

"If  the  physicians  and  surgeons  still  living  who  have 
openly  or  anonymously  written  with  good  effect  on  subjects 
not  immediately  connected  with  their  profession,  were  placed 
before  the  reader,  there  would  be  found  amongst  them  many 
of  the  most  distinguished  of  their  fraternity." 

It  has  been  a  pleasant  duty  for  us  to  ask  our  fellow  towns- 
people to  assist  us,  by  their  grateful  presence,  in  this  celebra- 
tion. Of  the  close  and  intimate  relation  between  doctor  and 
patient,  it  would  not  become  me  at  this  time  to  speak,  and  1 

(15) 


know  that  to  you,  my  brethren,  it  is  not  necessary.  If  we  owe 
to  them  and  their  distress  our  daily  bread,  we  also  owe  to  their 
firm  and  loyal  friendship  debts  which  cannot  be  canceled  by 
any  stroke  of  the  pen,  or  wiped  out  by  any  process  of  which 
I  am  aware.  They  constitute  the  pleasantest  and  most  grateful 
burdens  of  our  lives,  and  we  would  not  pay  them  if  we  could. 

Although  inappropriate  as  it  may  seem,  I  cannot  close  this 
address  without  expressing  to  you,  members  of  the  Hartford 
County  Medical  Association,  my  grateful  appreciation  of  the 
undeserved  honor  you  have  conferred  in  calling  me  to  this 
office  in  this  centennial  year.  I  can  only  say,  I  thank  you, 
and  express  the  hope  that  the  coming  century  of  the  associa- 
tion may  be  as  honorable  and  upright  as  the  past  has  been  : 
and  that  when  the  second  centennial  celebration  takes  place, 
those  looking  back  on  us  as  we  look  back  upon  those  of  the 
past  will  be  able  to  say  with  grateful  hearts  of  us,  as  we  with 
truthful  lips  can  say  of  them,  "  They  have  fought  the  good 
fight,  and  have  kept  the  faith." 


The  historical  address  was  delivered  by  the  clerk, 
Joseph  E.  Root,  B.  S.,  M.  D.,  as  follows: 

HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

MR.  PRESIDENT  AND  GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  HARTFORD  COUNTY 

MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION  : — 

The  history  of  this  association  is  the  record  not  only  of  its 
acts  and  deliberations  as  a  body,  but  of  the  acts  and  works  of 
the  members  who,  by  day  and  by  night,  have  toiled  to  alleviate 
the  sufferings  and  ailments  of  their  fellow-men,  and  who  have 
met  together  once  or  twice  a  year  for  a  hundred  years  to  take 
counsel,  relate  experiences,  advance  medical  science  and  ex- 
change fraternal  greetings.  I  find  so  much  suggestive  of 
interest  in  the  records  of  these  meetings  that  I  am  at  a  loss  to 
know  how  to  curtail  my  remarks  to  the  limited  time  ;  but  I 
promise  you  to  be  as  brief  as  possible. 

(16) 


It  would  seem  that  the  physicians  of  this  State,  especially 
those  of  Litchfield,  New  London,  and  New  Haven  counties, 
had  been  active  since  1784  in  trying  to  secure  from  the  (ieneral 
Assembly  a  charter  for  a  society  ;  and,  finally,  by  a  systematic 
and  concerted  effort  from  every  county,  a  charter  was  granted 
in  1702.  It  was  for  this  purpose  that  the  physicians  and  sur- 
geons of  Hartford  County  were  first  called  together. 

At  a  meeting  held  April  10,  1702,  at  which  Dr.  Elihu 
Tudor  was  chosen  chairman  and  Dr.  Elihu  H.  Smith  clerk, 
Dr.  Lemuel  Hopkins  laid  before  the  meeting  a  letter  from  the 
Medical  Society  of  New  Haven  County,  desiring  the  meeting 
to  appoint  delegates  on  their  part  to  unite  with  delegates  from 
the  several  counties  of  the  State  of  Connecticut  (at  a  general 
convention  at  Hartford  in  May  next  ensuing)  in  framing  a 
general  bill  of  incorporation  of  the  faculty  throughout  the  State, 
and  to  present  the  same,  that  it  might  be  passed  into  an  act  by 
the  then  convened  General  Assembly,  agreeable  to  their  resolve 
of  the  October  previous.  The  further  record  of  this  meeting 
is  as  follows  :  — 

After  a  discussion  of  the  object  of  the  present  meeting,  Voted,  That 
the  meeting  proceed  to  the  choice  of  delegates,  by  ballot;  I'oted,  That  three 
physicians  be  chosen  to  represent  this  meeting. 

The  meeting  proceeding  to  a  choice,  the  following  gentlemen  were 
declared  duly  elected:  Dr.  Elihu  Tudor,  Dr.  Charles  Mather,  and  Dr. 
Josiah  Hart. 

Voted,  That  this  meeting  enter  into  no  discussion  on  the  principles  of 
the  intended  bill,  and  that  they  will  give  no  instructions  to  their  representa- 
tives. 

Adjourned  without  date. 

Attest,     E.  II.  SMITH,  Clerk. 

The  General  Assembly  granted  the  long-sought-for  charter 
in  the  May  following,  and  on  the  2f>th  day  of  September,  1702, 
at  10  o'clock  A.  M.,  the  day  we  now  celebrate,  but  which, 
falling  on  Sunday,  we  commemorate  to-day,  the  society  was 
organized. 

I  quote  from  the  records  of  the  association  the  following 
minutes  made  at  this  meeting  :  — 

At  a  meeting  of  the  physicians  and  surgeons  of  Hartford  County, 
agreeable  to  act  of  the  General  Assembly,  Dr.  Elihu  H.  Smith  being  made 

(17) 


clerk,  the  meeting  proceeded  to  the  choice  of  a  moderator  by  ballot,  when 
Dr.  Eliakim  Fish  was  duly  elected. 

The  meeting  proceeding  to  business  by  general  desire,  it  was  begun  by 
the  reading  of  the  act  of  the  General  Assembly  incorporating  a  medical 
society. 

The  act  being  read  —  /it'si'/m/.  That  the  clerk  enroll  the  names  of  all 
the  gentlemen  present.  On  motion  made  and  seconded  —  I'ott'd,  That  all 
persons  now  present  be  considered  as  members  of  the  Medical  County  Meet- 
ing of  the  County  of  Hartford.  Adjourned  till  2  o'clock  p.  M. 

Upon  reconvening,  this  last  vote  was  reconsidered,  and  it  was  }~cted, 
That  the  meeting  proceed  to  the  election  of  each  member  separately  ;  and 
that  no  person  be  elected  unless  recommended  by  three  of  the  gentlemen 
now  present.  The  meeting  proceeding  to  vote,  the  following  gentlemen 
were  chosen,  viz.:  — 


Howard  Alden, 
John  Bestor, 
Eliphalet  Beach, 
Mason  Fitch  Cogswell, 
Asaph  Coleman, 
Solomon  Everest, 
Eliakim  Fish, 
Samuel  Flagg, 
Samuel  Flagg,  jr., 
Amos  Granger, 
George  Griswold, 
Joseph  rfale, 
Timothy  Hall, 


Mark  Newell, 
George  Olcott, 
Caleb  Perkins, 
John  Potter, 
Josiah  Root, 
John  Skinner, 
Elihu  Hubbard  Smith, 
Adna  Stanley, 
Eli  Todcl, 
Edward  Tudor, 
Elihu  Tudor, 
Theodore  Wadsworth, 
Sylvester  Wells, 

present  should  claim  a 


John  Hart, 

Josiah  Hart, 

Asa  Hillyer, 

Josiah  Holt, 

Lemuel  Hopkins, 

Tohn  Indicott, 

Jason  Jerome, 

Joseph  Jewett, 

Charles  Mather, 

Charles  Mather,  Jr., 

Titus  Merriman, 

Dwell  Morgan, 

Abner  Moseley, 

Christopher  Wolcott. 

A   resolution  was  passed  that  no  person    noi 

right  to  membership  in  consequence  of  his  being  named  in  the  Act  of  the 
General  Assembly  incorporating  a  medical  society. 

On  a  declaration  by  the  clerk  of  the  names  of  the  persons  now  elected, 
it  appeared  that  one  of  the  gentlemen  here  present  was  not  elected,  viz.: 
Isaiah  Chapman,  Jr.  No  person  being  particularly  acquainted  with  him, 
and  he  lying  under  the  disadvantage  of  a  very  great  impediment  in  his 
speech,  the  meeting  proceeded  to  appoint  a  committee  to  confer  with  him, 
when  Doctors  Hopkins,  Cogswell,  John  Hart,  Todd,  Bestor,  and  Everest 
were  appointed. 

The  report  of  this  committee  being  favorable  to  Dr.  Chapman,  and  they 
agreeing  to  recommend  him.  I'v/erf,  unanimously,  that  Dr.  Isaiah  Chapman, 
Jr.,  be  admitted  a  member  of  this  meeting. 

Officers  and  delegates  were  now  chosen,  as  follows :  Eliakim  Fish, 
chairman  ;  Elihu  H.  Smith,  clerk  ;  and  Drs.  Eliakim  Fish,  Lemuel  Hopkins, 
Elihu  Tudor,  Josiah  Hart,  and  Dr.  Samuel  Flagg  were  chosen  as  delegates. 
Dr.  John  Indicott  was  elected  treasurer. 

After  the  adoption  of  certain  rules  for  the  guidance  of  the 
officers,  the  meeting  adjourned  to  the  second  Friday  of  May, 

1793. 

At  this  meeting  a  measure  was  adopted  "respecting  the 
foundation  of  a  county  medical  library." 


(18) 


There  was  evidently  an  urgent  desire  for  more  medical 
reading  than  was  within  the  reach  of  most  members,  and  the 
matter  was  resumed  at  several  succeeding  meetings,  but  was 
never  carried  fully  into  effect,  so  far  as  the  county  was 
concerned. 

Dr.  Mason  Fitch  Cogswell,  whose  name  adorns  the  record 
books  of  this  society,  was  appointed  to  deliver  an  oration  at  the 
next  meeting,  and  he  was  also  chosen  clerk  to  succeed  Dr. 
E.  H.  Smith,  who  removed  to  New  York,  where  he  engaged 
somewhat  in  literary  pursuits  as  well  as  in  professional,  having 
written  an  opera  and  a  drama.  In  1  T'.Hi  Dr.  Smith  was 
appointed  physician  to  the  New  York  Hospital,  but  fell  a  vic- 
tim to  the  yellow  fever  in  17!)8,  at  the  age  of  1],  in  the  epi- 
demic of  that  year. 

Two  meetings  were  held  annually.  The  officers  and 
fellows  were  elected  at  the  fall  meeting  till  18^,  when  it  was 
changed  to  the  spring,  "the  first  Wednesday  after  election."  A 
tax  of  three  shillings  was  laid  upon  the  members  till  about 
1800. 

It  may  be  of  interest,  in  passing,  to  say  a  few  words  about 
the  man  who  was  appointed  to  deliver  the  first  "oration,"  as  it 
was  called,  before  the  society,  especially  as  his  name  is  one  of 
the  most  prominent  in  the  early  history  of  the  society. 

Dr.  Mason  Fitch  Cogswell  was  born  at  Canterbury,  Sept. 
17,  1701,  and  graduated  from  Yale  College  in  1780,  "the 
youngest  scholar,  but  the  most  distinguished  of  his  class."  He 
studied  medicine  with  his  brother,  and  was  associated  with 
him  in  Stamford  and  afterwards  in  New  York.  In  1.7S1)  he 
settled  in  Hartford,  where,  with  his  previous  nine  years  of  val- 
uable experience,  he  at  once  took  the  highest  rank  among  his 
professional  brethren  and  in  the  community.  He  married  here 
and  had  five  children,  who  were  his  great  delight,  but  "  his 
daughter  Alice  was,  during  her  infancy,  deprived  of  her  facul- 
ties of  speech  and  hearing."  The  interest  which  was  excited 
in  the  mind  of  her  father  by  the  privations  of  this  mute  child 
caused  him  to  look  abroad  for  the  best  mode  of  giving  her 

(19) 


instruction.  It  caused  him  also  to  make  inquiries  respecting 
the  number  of  deaf  mutes  in  the  State,  and  the  results  were  a 
surprise  to  every  one  in  the  large  number  found  for  whose 
education  no  provision  had  been  made,  there  being  then  in 
this  country  no  means  or  knowledge  of  instructing  them. 

At  length  he  accidentally  met  with  the  work  of  the  distin- 
guished Frenchman,  Abbe  Sicard,  on  this  subject  ;  and  being 
convinced  that  the  plan  there  suggested  was  the  best  that  could 
be  adopted,  he  appealed  to  his  friends  to  aid  him  in  the  intro- 
duction of  that  system  of  instruction  into  this  country.  The 
appeal  was  successful.  A  gentleman  peculiarly  fitted  for  the 
undertaking,  Thomas  Gallaudet,  visited  France,  acquired  the 
needful  information,  and  returned  to  help  found  that  noble 
monument  of  individual  enterprise,  the  pioneer  of  its  kind  in 
this  country  —  the  American  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb. 

Dr.  Cogswell  was  treasurer  of  the  State  society  for  four 
years,  and  in  1807  was  vice-president,  an  office  which  he  held 
for  five  years,  and  was  then  chosen  president  of  the  society  for 
ten  consecutive  years,  which  shows  the  regard  and  esteem  in 
which  he  was  held  by  his  brethren. 

He  w?as  an  early  advocate  and  warm  supporter  of  the 
Retreat  for  the  Insane,  and  when  the  Hopkins  association  was 
organized  he  was  first  chosen  to  preside  over  its  deliberations. 

"  As  a  surgeon,  he  immediately  reached  the  most  elevated 
rank.  All  the  great  operations  were  performed  by  him,  and 
among  others,  that  of  tying  the  carotid  artery  when  it  had  been 
attempted  by  no  other  surgeon  in  America. 

"  His  operations  were  performed  with  inimitable  dexterity, 
with  a  coolness  that  nothing  could  disturb,  and  consequently 
with  a  success  equal  to  his  reputation." 

Of  his  eminence,  charity,  buoyancy  of  spirits,  and  hospi- 
tality, his  biographers  have  much  to  say.  He  died  in  1833,  at 
the  age  of  74. 

It  would  seem  that  the  present  day  and  generation  has 
not  been  the  only  one  in  which  quackery  and  charlatanry  in 
the  name  of  the  profession  had  full  play  ;  for  we  find  this 

(20) 


society  taking  cognizance  of  it  as  early  as  September,  IIHS. 
And  at  the  spring  meeting  of  ll'.t'.i,  held  at  Major  John  Rip- 
ley's  inn,  the  records  state  that,  "Whereas,  The  members  of 
the  Hartford  County  Medical  Society  view  with  serious  con- 
cern and  anxious  solicitude  the  present  situation  of  the  Con- 
necticut Medical  Society,  their  utter  inability  to  produce  those 
numerous  benefits  to  the  public  which  might  reasonably  be  ex- 
pected of  them  by  reason  of  the  many  and  important  defects 
in  their  charter,  their  want  of  legal  power  to  impede  the  prog- 
ress of  empiricism  in  the  State,"  etc.,  a  memorial  was  pre- 
sented to  the  State  society  to  enlist  it  and  the  other  county 
societies  in  an  effort  to  get  a  law  from  the  Ceneral  Assembly 
"  requiring  all  persons  engaged  in  the  practice  of  physic  and 
surgery  to  get  a  certificate  of  license  from  the  President  of  the 
Connecticut  Medical  Society,  countersigned  by  a  majority  of 
the  examining  committee,  and  prohibiting  all  persons  whom- 
soever who  shall  after  a  stated  time  enter  into  the  practice  of 
physic  and  surgery  in  this  State  the  recovering  of  any  compen- 
sation by  law,  for  any  business  he  or  they  may  perform  in  the 
practice  of  physic  or  chirurgery." 

Many  other  resolutions  were  passed  at  this  meeting  bear- 
ing on  the  same  subject,  and  endeavoring  to  have  but  one  gen- 
eral committee  for  the  examining  of  candidates. 

Other  county  societies  joined  in  these  memorials,  and  at 
very  frequent  intervals,  for  the  next  ninety-five  years,  and  we 
still  have  to-day  a  petition  on  its  way  to  the  General  Assembly. 
It  is  sincerely  to  be  hoped  that  ere  another  century  has  passed 
the  laws  of  our  good  State  will  at  least  demand  as  much  from 
those  in  whose  hands  human  lives,  health,  and  welfare  are 
intrusted,  as  it  does  of  those  who  compound  our  medicines, 
patrol  our  streets,  carry  our  baggage,  pick  up  our  rags,  remove 
our  garbage  and  swill,  or  even  black  our  boots.  All  these  must 
have  a  license  ;  but  the  most  ignorant  quack  and  impostor  can 
call  himself  a  "doctor,"  hang  out  his  sign,  and  practice  without 
question  upon  the  fears  and  incredulities  of  his  patients,  fleece 
them  of  their  money  and  perhaps  their  health,  only  to  seek 

(21) 


new  fields  and  victims  elsewhere  within  the  safe  borders  of  our 
State,  whose  courts  will  sustain  the  collection  of  his  bills. 

The  favorite  places  of  meeting  were  Major  John  Ripley's 
inn,  now  the  United  States  hotel  ;  the  Eagle  tavern  ;  Captain 
Bennett's  coffee-house  (City  hotel)  ;  the  inn  of  Major  Eleazer 
Porter  ;  the  Natural  History  Society  rooms,  and  finally  at  the 
Hartford  hospital  in  1801,  where  they  have  been  held  until  the 
present  year. 

The  subjects  discussed  and  cases  related  at  the  meetings 
indicate  something  of  the  diseases  most  prevalent,  and  of  the 
manner  of  treating  them.  But  there  was  one  means  of  cure 
which,  from  all  sources,  seems  to  have  been  very  general,  if  not 
universal,  in  the  early  part  of  the  present  century  and  up  to 
about  1835,  but  from  thence  on  it  began  to  decline.  I  refer  to 
venesection,  or  bleeding.  But  even  some  time  before  the 
decline  of  this  popular  remedy,  men  took  very  extreme  views 
for  and  against  it,  which  were  shared  by  the  public  as  well. 

Among  the  very  positive  men  who  thoroughly  believed  in 
the  antiphlogistic  treatment  (bleeding,  calomel,  and  antimony), 
and  who  practiced  the  former  with  no  unsparing  hand,  was  Dr. 
Leonard  Bacon,  a  native  of  Stoughton,  Mass.,  and  a  former 
practitioner  of  Windham,  who  was  admitted  to  this  society  in 
1803.  Dr.  Sumner  says  of  him  : — 

"  He  was  a  thorough  Puritan,  whose  views  were  not  atten- 
uated by  the  fashions  of  the  day  and  whose  prejudices  were 
not  softened  by  his  intercourse  with  others.  He  was  greatly 
distressed  when,  for  the  improvement  of  sacred  music,  it  was 
proposed  to  purchase  an  organ  for  the  Center  Church. 

"  At  a  meeting  of  this  society  while  the  spotted  fever 
(cerebro-spinal  meningitis)  was  the  great  subject  of  interest, 
and  the  comparative  merits  of  different  modes  of  treating  it 
were  the  subject  of  discussion,  Dr.  Bacon  advocated  with  con- 
fidence the  practice  he  had  uniformly  pursued,  and  by  way  of 
exemplification  he  referred  to  a  patient  in  West  Hartford  whom 
he  had  visited  two  days  before,  presenting  a  severe  case  of 
spotted  fever.  He  used  the  lancet  and  prescribed  calomel  ; 

(22) 


the  next  day  his  patient  was  better,  but  the  same  remedies 
were  repeated  with  beneficial  results,  'and  this  afternoon,'  said 
the  doctor,  'I  expect  to  find  him  out  of  all  danger.'  Soon 
after  a  rap  at  the  door  announced  a  messenger,  who  came  to 
say  that  Dr.  Bacon  need  not  go  to  West  Hartford,  as  his 
patient  was  dead. 

Dr.  Sumner,  in  his  reminiscences  of  physicians  in  Hartford 
in  1820,  says  of  Dr.  Bacon,  that  he  was  always  considered  by 
his  friends,  and  I  think  justly,  a  strong-minded,  sharp-witted 
man  ;  but  his  intellectual  powers  were  not  highly  cultivated, 
nor  was  his  wit  entirely  free  from  coarseness.  He  was  fond  of 
a  joke.  He  met  the  Rev.  Dr.  Strong  one  morning  at  the  mar- 
ket, and  for  the  sake  of  sport  gravely  inquired  why  people 
called  a  baked  hog's  head  the  "minister's  face."  "For  the 
same  reason,"  replied  the  minister,  "that  they  call  the  other 
end  Bacon."  The  laugh  of  the  bystanders,  it  is  said,  was  not 
in  our  doctor's  favor.  He  died  in  183!),  aged  To. 

In  looking  about  this  county  of  Hartford  for  some  me- 
morial or  tangible  evidence  of  the  works  of  men  not  here  now 
who  have  labored  in  this  association  to  ameliorate  the  ills  and 
infirmities  of  human  life,  we  find  such  noble  institutions  as  the 
American  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  the  Retreat  for  the 
Insane,  the  Hartford  Hospital,  the  Old  People's  Home,  etc. 
I  have  already  referred  to  Dr.  Mason  F.  Cogswell,  who  estab- 
lished the  first  named  of  these  institutions,  and  now  I  come  to 
Dr.  Eli  Todd  ;  to  whom  more  than  to  any  one  else  we  are 
indebted  for  the  Retreat  for  the  Insane  in  this  city,  the  second 
or  third  one  established  in  this  country. 

Dr.  Cogswell  had  obtained  some  statistics  through  the 
General  Association  of  Ministers  in  1814  concerning  the  num- 
ber of  insane  in  the  State  and  how  they  were  supported.  This 
was  not  very  satisfactory,  as  only  140  were  reported  "as  in 
different  degrees  deprived  of  reason." 

The  matter  rested  until  the  spring  meeting  (April  10)  of 
1821  of  our  association,  when  the  matter  was  discussed  and 
a  resolution  passed  "that  delegates  of  this  county  be  re- 

(23) 


quested  to  call  the  attention  of  the  General  Convention  to 
the  subject  of  an  insane  hospital." 

At  that  convention,  held  in  the  May  following,  a  com- 
mittee, consisting  of  Drs.  Thomas  Minor,  Eli  Todd,  Samuel  H. 
Woodward,  William  Tally,  and  George  Sumner  were  appointed 
a  committee  on  the  subject  of  a  lunatic  asylum,  with  directions 
to  report  at  an  adjourned  meeting. 

This  committee  obtained  information  which  "enabled 
them  to  pronounce  with  confidence  that  more  than  a  thousand 
subjects  of  mental  derangement  are  at  this  time  scattered  over 
the  State." 

A  petition  was  presented  to  the  General  Assembly,  the 
next  year,  praying  "  that  an  asylum  or  retreat  might  be  pro- 
vided, to  mitigate  their  sufferings  and  restore  them  to  rea- 
son," and  in  May,  1822,  a  charter  was  granted  to  the  president 
and  directors  of  the  Retreat  for  the  Insane. 

In  order  to  interest  the  entire  profession  of  the  State,  as 
well  as  the  people,  the  work  was  pushed  by  the  Connecticut 
Medical  Society,  and  to  it  belongs  the  credit  of  carrying  for- 
ward and  establishing  the  Retreat.  Subscriptions  were  started 
in  nearly  all  the  towns,  and  "  less  than  $400  was  collected  in  a 
few  towns  in  other  New  England  States." 

Among  the  subscriptions  was  one  of  "$30  payable  in 
medicine,"  another  for  "one  gross  New  London  bilious  pills, 
market  price  $30,"  and  two  lottery  tickets  of  the  value  of  $o 
each  ;  one  of  them  became  a  blank  and  the  other  a  prize,  the 
"net  product"  being  $17.  One  dozen  of  Noah  Webster's 
spelling  books  were  also  donated.  The  total  amount  of  sub- 
scriptions was  declared  to  be  not  far  from  $14,000.  The 
Connecticut  Medical  Society  appropriated  $(500,  and  the  State 
granted  $5,000  upon  certain  conditions  ;  and  in  addition  to 
the  above  sums  the  inhabitants  of  Hartford  offered  about 
$4,000  "  provided  the  institution  should  be  established  in  that 
town."  The  incorporators  showed  their  wisdom  in  placing  the 
Retreat  in  this  city,  from  which  its  fame  has  gone  abroad.  It 
was  opened  for  the  reception  of  patients  April  1,  1824,  and 

(24) 


"  then  and  there  publicly  consecrated  to  the  blessing  of  Almighu 
God." 

As  though  by  general  acclamation,  1  )r.  Kli  Todd  wa> 
chosen  its  first  superintendent  and  voted  a  salary,  to  begin 
with,  of  $l!00  per  year,  which  was  later  increased  to  $1,0(K>,  on 
condition  of  his  "performing  the  duties  of  superintendent  and 
resident  physician."  "  Dr.  Todd  was  a  remarkable  man,"  says 
his  biographer;  "carefully  instructed  in  his  youth,  he  gradu- 
ated from  Vale  College  in  KSi,  distinguished  for  his  literary 
and  scientific  attainments."  He  practiced  in  Farmington  for 
about  thirty  years,  coming  here  at  the  age  of  .">(),  and  bearing 
a  well-earned  reputation  ot  eminence  as  a  learned  and  skillful 
physician.  This  reputation  he  increased,  and  in  his  capacity 
of  superintendent  of  the  Retreat  he  became  an  authority  upon 
mental  disorders,  and  his  fame  and  that  of  the  Retreat  soon 
spread  through  the  country,  for  we  must  remember  that  this 
was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  its  kind.  He  died  in  IS.'!:!,  at  the 
age  of  (J4. 

sr.MXF.R    AM)    WKI.l.S,     18:20. 

It  was  about  this  time  that  the  decadence  of  what  we 
should  now  call  the  stern  practice  of  bleeding,  calomel,  etc., 
began.  The  advocates  of  the  opposing  practice  were  very  bit- 
ter in  their  views.  Dr.  Stunner,  in  his  reminiscences  of  the 
physicians  in  Hartford  in  1820,  says  that  "  when  1  first  came  to 
this  place,  one  of  the  first  questions  asked,  and  it  was  a  com- 
mon question,  'Are  you  a  bleeder  or  are  you  a  stimulator /'  I 
claimed  the  privilege  of  both."  It  was  at  that  time  that  typhus 
fever  was  raging  here,  and  two  very  distinct  theories  prevailed 
regarding  its  treatment.  One  was  that  of  bleeding,  and  the 
other  that  of  stimulating.  "The  public  took  the  matter  up," 
says  Dr.  Sumner,  "and  every  man  felt  himself  competent  to 
decide  whether  his  neighbors  were  treated  properly  or  not  ; 
and  if  the  physician  pursued  the  wrong  practice,  and  the  case 
terminated  fatally,  he  was  pronounced  guilty  of  homicide.  An 
idea  prevailed  on  the  one  hand  that  bleeding  was  always 
necessary,  and  on  the  other  hand  that  it  was  always  wrong. 

(25) 


The  same  judgment  was  extended  to  the  opposite  practice. 
Some  held  that  in  fevers  it  was  always  necessary  to  give  stim- 
ulants, and  if  the  patient  died  it  was  in  consequence  ot  his  not 
taking  brandy  earlier  and  in  sufficient  quantities.  Many, 
alarmed  at  the  fatality  of  the  disease,  began  to  take  brandy 
in  larger  doses  as  a  preventive,  and  it  was  confidently  affirmed 
that  some  died  of  mere  intoxication." 

Dr.  Sylvester  Wells,  who  began  practice  here  in  1800,  was 
one  of  the  vigorous  stimulators,  and  during  the  epidemic  of 
spotted  fever  (cerebro-spinal  meningitis),  pursued  it  without 
great  success.  Two  or  three  daughters  of  Dr.  Patten  died, 
and  four  members  of  another  family  followed  each  other  to  the 
grave  in  rapid  succession.  With  him,  it  must  have  been  a  sea- 
son of  severe  trial  ;  his  friends  dropping  around  him,  his  rivals 
watching  the  results  of  his  practice,  and  his  opponents  con- 
demning it  in  no  measured  terms.  "  As  a  specimen  of  the 
annoyances  to  which  he  was  subjected,  I  may  mention,"  says 
Dr.  Sumner,  "the  case  of  Bondino,  an  old  French  refugee  who 
had  come  from  St.  Domingo  to  spend  his  life  and  his  money, 
and  had  no  other  business  than  to  retail  the  gossip  of  the  town. 
Coming  into  the  barber  shop  one  morning,  when  it  was  full  of 
customers,  his  first  salutation  was,  'They  say  Dr.  Wells  has 
raised  hell  with  the  Dodds.'  In  the  same  place,  a  few  days 
later,  the  doctor  and  the  Frenchman  met.  '  Doctor  Wells,'  in- 
quired the  latter,  with  great  apparent  simplicity,  'what  is  the 
reason  so  many  Democrats  die  of  this  disease?  the  Federalists 
do  not  appear  to  have  it.'  'I  suppose,'  said  the  doctor,  'it  is 
a  disease  of  the  brain,  and  that  the  Federalists  have  not  got 
any  brains.'  The  Frenchman  was  entirely  satisfied,  and  per- 
haps the  doctor  was  equally  so." 

Dr.  Wells,  who  lived  at  the  head  of  Wells  Street,  was  a 
man  of  radical  views  upon  political  and  religious  subjects  as 
well  as  medical.  Jeffersonian  in  politics,  he  helped  form  the 
aristocratic  wing  of  the  Democratic  party.  While  the  Hartford 
convention  (Federalists)  was  in  session,  he  caused  the  bells  to 
be  tolled,  and  employed  an  old  soldier  to  march  with  muffled 

(26) 


WILLIAM  S.  PIERSON. 


drum  through  the  street.  This  brought  upon  him  some  an^ry 
remarks  and  some  political  squibs,  to  \vinch  he  appeared  as 
indifferent  as  if  they  had  been  applied  to  an  entire  stranger. 
1  have  no  access  to  the  papers  of  that  day,"  says  I  )r.  Simmer. 
"but  remember  imperfectly, 

"  'Toll  the  bells,  toll  the  hells  for  Dr.  Wells; 
It's  nothing  strange  for  Dr.  \VelK 
To  cause  the  tolling  of  the  hells.'  " 

I  think  there  is  an  impression,  whether  well  grounded  or 
not,  that  the  medical  profession  are  not  especially  interested  in 
"temperance  reforms"  ;  and  as  we  all  know  the  history  of  tin- 
social  customs  of  fifty  and  seventy-five  years  ago,  it  may  not  be 
uninteresting  to  quote  from  the  records  of  this  society  tin- 
action  taken  from  time  to  time  concerning  the  matter  of  intem- 
perance. 

Perhaps  it  was  from  the  condition  of  tilings  of  which  Dr. 
Sumner  speaks  in  his  reminiscences  that  this  association  took  a 
decided  stand  against  the  excessive  tise  of  ardent  spirits.  He 
says:  "When  young,  I  was  frequently  in  the  habit  of  spending 
the  morning  with  Dr.  Cogswell.  We  might  traverse  the  city 
from  morning  till  dinner-time,  visit  a  do/en  patients,  and 
always,  if  among  what  is  called  the  better  class,  we  were  invited 
to  drink,  and  if  the  invitation  was  declined  we  were  urged  to 
try  the  brandy  and  wine  on  account  of  their  peculiar  excel- 
lence. If  at  the  tavern  (and  Dr.  Cogswell  had  many  surgical 
cases  at  the  public  houses),  we  were  sure  to  find  the  iron  hot, 
the  flip  ready,  and  an  invitation  to  taste.  It  is  no  wonder  that 
physicians  exposed  to  these  daily  temptations  frequently  im- 
paired their  health,  lost  their  character,  and  died  of  premature 
old  age." 

We  may  perhaps  "infer  something"  from  the  records  of 
the  meeting  held  at  Major  John  Ripley's  inn,  April  ^4,  II US, 
which  reads  as  follows  :  "  No  particular  business  being  brought 
forward,  the  day  was  passed  in  jovial  festivity,  and  the  meeting 
adjourned  at  the  usual  hour,  sine  die,  the  members  having  pre- 
127) 


viously  paid  their  respective  bills,  as  they  had  resolved  not  to 
lay  any  regular  tax  on  that  meeting." 

At  a  meeting  held  at  "  Bennett's  City  Hotel,"  April,  1827, 
it  was  voted  that  "  we  show  our  respect  for  the  memory  of 
Drs.  Hopkins,  Jepson,  Morrison,  and  Fish,  by  visiting  their 
graves  in  an  adjoining  graveyard."  Pursuant  to  this  vote,  the 
society  formed  a  procession  and  visited  the  graves  of  Hopkins 
and  Fish,  but  did  not  find  those  of  the  other  named  physicians. 

There  is  an  interesting  history  connected  with  the  grave 
of  Dr.  Norman  Morrison,  which  can  be  found  now  where  his 
remains  were  laid  April  '.»,  17151,  at  the  north-east  corner  of  the 
German  Lutheran  stone  church,  on  Market  Street,  between 
Temple  and  Talcott. 

It  seems  that  Dr.  Morrison's  son  Allan  died  of  smallpox, 
and  the  authorities  made  objections  to  his  being  buried  in  the 
public  cemetery.  At  this  the  doctor  took  offense,  and  de- 
clared "  that  Allan  should  be  buried  in  his  orchard,  and  that 
when  he  died  he  would  be  buried  beside  him  ;"  and  it  appears 
that  in  due  time  his  declarations  were  carried  out,  aYid  a  "lien" 
was  placed  upon  the  land  which  holds  good  to  this  day,  pre- 
serving the  graves  and  tablets  thereon.  The  doctor  was  a  man 
of  large  means  in  his  day,  and  established  the  first  drug  store, 
as  apart  from  a  physician's  office,  in  the  county,  and  probably 
in  the  State.  The  site  of  this  drug  store  is  said  to  have  been 
near  the  corner  of  Temple  Street,  on  Main  Street. 

After  visiting  the  graveyard,  which  was  the  one  in  the 
rear  of  the  old  Center  Church,  the  following  resolution  was 
passed,  on  motion  of  Dr.  Brown,  viz.:  "Resolved,  That  each 
member  of  this  society  be  requested  to  make  report  at  the  next 
meeting,  of  the  number  of  those  who  shall  die  during  the  next 
year  from  the  effects  of  intemperance,  and  also  the  number  of 
those  diseased  from  the  same  cause."  It  was  then  further 
resolved,  on  motion  of  Dr.  S.  B.  Woodward,  "  That  in  all 
future  meetings  of  the  society  we  dispense  with  the  use  of 
ardent  spirits."  And  later,  at  the  same  meeting,  on  motion  of 
Dr.  Todd,  it  was  "Resolved,  That  this  meeting  approve  of  the 

(28) 


establishment  of  an  asylum,  for  the  reception  and  care  of  in- 
temperate persons  proposed  by  the  medical  societies  of  tin- 
State,  and  that  the  delegates  from  this  county  be  requested  to 
use  their  exertions  in  its  behalf  at  the  ensuing  convention." 

It  would  seem  that  this  subject  was  of  much  interest,  for 
three  years  later,  April,  1830,  the  records  state  that  "  Sundry 
resolutions  respecting  the  habitual  use  of  ardent  spirits  were 
presented  and  referred  to  a  committee  for  report."  This  com- 
mittee later  reported  "that  it  is  inexpedient  to  adopt  them,  as 
the  society  have  heretofore  expressed  their  decided  opinion 
against  the  daily  use  of  ardent  spirits,  and  that  it  is  inexpedi- 
ent to  make  any  record  of  these  resolutions." 

I  know  it  will  be  of  interest  to  speak  briefly,  in  passing,  of 
some  of  the  men  who  have  stood  out  prominently  among  the 
48G  members  who  have  composed  this  society  since  its  organ- 
ization one  hundred  years  ago  to-day. 

Dr.  George  Sumner,  of  Hartford,  may  be  mentioned  as  one 
of  the  leading  men.  Graduating  from  Yale  College  in  1813,  and 
in  medicine  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  he  came  here 
in  1819.  He  was  eminently  an  intellectual  man,  well  educated, 
fond  of  reading,  kind-hearted,  careful  never  to  give  offense, 
and  especially  peace-loving.  Dr.  Russell  says  of  him,  "He 
was  the  neatest,  the  most  ready,  the  best  prescriber  that  1  ever 
knew."  His  knowledge  of  chemistry  and  materia  medica  was 
very  extensive  and  thorough.  He  was  professor  of  botany  at 
Trinity  College  for  twenty  years,  and  the  author  of  a  valuable 
work  upon  that  subject.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Retreat,  and  very  active  in  the  welfare  of  this  association.  He 
was  not  an  eminent  surgeon;  but  as  a  physician,  in  the  full 
sense  of  the  term,  from  all  that  I  can  learn  of  him  from 
his  own  writings  and  from  what  has  been  written  of  him,  as 
well  as  from  the  two  or  three  members  now  living  who  knew 
him,  he  must  have  been  the  most  eminent  of  the  prominent 
physicians  whose  names  adorn  the  records  of  this  association, 
for  whose  welfare  and  the  dissemination  of  brotherly  love  and 
useful  knowledge  he  labored  constantly  and  successfully.  At 

(29) 


the  death  of  Dr.  Todd  he  was  unanimously  elected  superin- 
tendent of  the  Retreat,  but  he  declined  the  offer,  though  he 
remained  a  director  and  visitor. 

In  April,  1833,  also  in  1837,  there  was  much  interest  shown 
in  the  insane  poor,  and  a  resolution  was  passed  "that  the  fel- 
lows of  this  county  be  instructed  to  lay  the  subject  of  the  con- 
dition of  the  insane  paupers  before  the  next  general  medical 
convention  and  take  such  measures  upon  the  subject  as  they 
shall  consider  most  expedient." 

William  H.  Rockwell,  afterwards  superintendent  of  the 
asylum  for  insane  at  Brattleboro,  Vermont,  read  a  dissertation 
on  "  The  History  of  Insanity,"  April,  1835. 

In  1840  the  society  began  the  collection  of  books  and 
specimens  of  morbid  anatomy  for  the  society's  museum,  and  in 
1848  a  vote  was  taken  that  the  taxes  for  the  expenses  of  attend- 
ance of  the  fellows  at  the  annual  meeting  go  towards  the  pur- 
chase of  books,  and  also  to  act  in  co-operation  with  the  other 
medical  societies. 

In  1842,  the  subject  of  "animal  magnetism"  was  of  much 
interest  and  occupied  the  same  attention  that  hypnotism  has  of 
late  ;  and  as  near  as  I  can  learn  it  was  the  same  thing.  At  a 
meeting  in  April,  1842,  at  the  Eagle  tavern,  a  resolution  was 
passed  that  Messrs.  Bonneville  and  Haughton,  lecturers  on 
animal  magnetism,  be  requested  to  appear  before  the  society 
with  their  boy  ;  and  Drs.  Ellsworth  and  Hunt  were  appointed 
a  committee  to  wait  on  them,  who  reported  that  it  was  not  con- 
venient for  Messrs.  Bonneville  and  Haughton  to  appear  at  that 
time,  but  that  within  an  hour  notice  would  be  sent  when  they 
would  wait  upon  the  society.  Word  was  afterward  received 
that  Mr.  Bonneville  was  much  exhausted  in  his  attempts  to 
magnetize  a  person  at  the  City  hotel,  and  would  not  be  able  to 
present  himself. 

In  1849  a  discussion  arose  upon  the  merits  of  the  custom 
of  "  physicians  bestowing  their  services  upon  clergymen  gratu- 
itously." It  was  finally  resolved  that  "it  is  not  deemed  disrep- 
utable by  this  society  for  a  physician  to  render  a  bill  for  pro- 

(30) 


fessional  services  to   a    clergyman    and    to    collect    the   same." 

Messrs.  Kellogg  &  C'omstock,  no\v  Kellogg  «.Y  15ulkele\, 
lithographers,  of  this  city,  presented  a  copy  of  anatomical 
plates  Jssuecl  by  them,  and  a  resolution  was  passed  indorsing 
them.  The  Comstock  of  the  above  firm  was  Dr.  |.  S.  Coin- 
stock,  physician,  author,  a  member  of  this  society  and  a 
resident  of  Hartford.  Though  not  then  in  practice,  he  had 
been  in  previous  years,  but  was  then  an  author  of  school- 
books,  etc.  He  was  a  surgeon  in  the  war  of  ISJ'i. 

In  1840  delegates  were  first  appointed  to  attend  the  meet- 
ing of  the  American  Medical  Association,  held  in  Boston. 

In  1850  it  was  proposed  to  amend  the  charter  so  that  tin- 
president  and  fellows  should  receive  $1,  instead  of  $•>,  for 
attendance,  and  li  cents,  instead  of  \'l]+  cents,  per  mile  for 
travel. 

Up  to  1850  it  had  been  the  custom  to  raise  by  collection 
or  assessments  upon  the  members  present  the  amount  required 
for  the  expenses  of  the  clerk.  And  at  this  time,  April,  !S5(i,  a 
resolution  was  passed  making  the  assessment  upon  all  alike, 
whether  in  attendance  or  not. 

In  1850  a  resolution  was  adopted  praying  that  the  number 
of  the  insane  and  of  those  deaf  and  dumb  be  ascertained  by 
the  commissioner  employed  to  ascertain  the  number  of  idiots 
in  the  State.  At  the  next  meeting  it  was  reported  that  the 
number  of  imbeciles  and  idiots  in  the  State  was  1,^00. 

At  the  meeting  of  1858,  Dr.  I'rary  remarked  upon  the 
prevalence  of  smallpox  and  argued  the  efficiency  of  vaccina- 
tion. He  remarked  that  the  type  of  diseases  had  much  changed 
since  he  began  practice,  and  that  bleeding  was  not  so  often  re- 
quired in  this  locality  nor  throughout  the  country. 

The  public  announcement  of  the  discovery  of  anaesthesia 
by  Dr.  Horace  Wells  in  1844-45  was  hailed  by  the  members  of 
the  profession  here,  in  common  with  their  brethren  all  over 
the  civilized  world,  with  delight.  This  important  auxiliary  in 
surgery  came  into  general  use  between  1850  and  1800.  The 
first  record  bearing  on  the  subject  which  the  society  has  is  in 

(31) 


18.")!t.  The  reason  for  action  at  that  time  was  the  fact  that 
Drs.  Morton  and  Jackson,  of  Boston,  the  former  of  whom  had 
received  from  Dr.  Wells  the  facts  of  his  experiments,  were 
trying  to  steal  from  him  the  honor  and  emoluments  pertaining 
to  the  discovery.  It  was  to  enforce  and  secure  to  the  doctor 
his  just  claims  that  our  society  took  action  upon  this  subject  in 
a  record  as  follows  : — 

"  It  is  now  proved  beyond  a  reasonable  doubt  that  the 
late  Dr.  Horace  Wells,  of  Hartford,  is  entitled  to  the  distin- 
guished honor  of  having  demonstrated  on  the  llth  day  of 
December,  1844,  the  great  fact  that  the  human  system  may  be 
rendered  insensible  during  the  inhalation  of  nitrous  oxide  gas 
(page  109,  Records,  volume  '.})  ;  and  whereas,  he  at  once  made 
known  the  discovery  to  the  medical  and  dental  profession  in 
Hartford,  and  continued  to  perform  operations  himself  and 
assist  others  in  performing  them,  while  his  patients  were  under 
the  influence  of  this  substance,  until  his  death  in  1848  ;  and 
whereas,  it  is  also  proved  that  he  used,  to  some  extent,  the 
vapor  of  sulphuric  ether  for  the  same  purpose  as  early  as  the 
winter  of  1844-45  ;  and  whereas,  during  the  same  winter  and  a 
short  time  after  his  discovery  he  visited  the  cities  of  Boston 
and  New  York,  and  made  known  to  several  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished members  of  the  medical  profession  in  those  cities 
the  use  of  both  these  agents,  thereby  exhibiting  the  most  com- 
mendable desire  to  make  known  to  the  world  the  knowledge  of 
his  discovery  ;  and  whereas,  these  facts  are  proved  to  have 
occurred  nearly  two  years  prior  to  the  claim  of  discovery  by 
any  other  person  or  persons,  therefore, 

"Resolved,  That  in  the  opinion  of  this  society  there  can 
no  longer  exist  any  reasonable  doubt  that  to  Dr.  Wells  alone 
belongs  the  honor  of  having  discovered  and  demonstrated  the 
great  principle  of  modern  Anaesthesia." 

We  have  with  us  this  day  three  representatives  of  our  pro- 
fession, Drs.  David  Crary,  P.  W.  Ellsworth,  and  G.  W.  Russell, 
who  are  the  only  living  witnesses  of  the  early  operations  under 
an  anaesthetic  first  made  known  by  Dr.  Horace  Wells. 

In  1860  malaria  or  intermittent  fever  was  first  discussed 
and  the  cure  of  consumption  by  whisky  advocated. 

In  April,  1801,  it  was  unanimously  resolved  "  that  the 
members  of  the  Hartford  County  Medical  Society  hereby  offer 

(32) 


their  professional  services  gratuitously  to  those  fa 
sented  in  the  present  army  of  volunteers." 

I  give  here  the  names  of  surgeons  who  were  or  now  are 
members  of  this  society  and  who  served  in  the  war  ol  the  Re- 
bellion from  1800  to  1805  :  I  )rs.  C.eorge  \Y.  A  very,  William  K. 
Brownell,  H.  Clinton  Bunce,  (leorge  Clary,  Benjamin  N.  Com- 
ings, Jonathan  S.  Curtis,  Pinckney  \V.  Ellsworth,  Robert  E. 
Ensign,  Charles  R.  Hart,  George  A.  Hnrlbnrt,  George  C.  Jar- 
vis,  Levi  Jewett,  John  15.  Lewis,  William  H.  Mather,  Nathan 
Mayer,  Matthew  T.  Newton,  John  ()' Flaherty,  I.evi  S.  Pease, 
Samuel  W.  Skinner,  Henry  P.  Stearns,  Sabin  Stocking, 
Melancthon  Storrs,  Abner  S.  Warner. 

The  prevailing  epidemic  of  diphtheria  was  discussed  in 
1802  by  the  society,  and  scarlatina,  which  was  prevalent  and 
was  complicated  with  diphtheria,  was  also  the  subject  of 
discussion. 

In  1803,  malarial  and  intermittent  fevers  were  still  vigor- 
ously discussed,  and  in  1804  Dr.  Holmes  remarked  upon  the 
"exaggerated  reports  regarding  the  number  of  cases  of  small- 
pox in  the  city.  In  his  opinion  there  were  not  more  than  forty 
cases."  Its  treatment  by  vaccination,  etc.,  was  discussed. 

Inebriety  again  received  the  attention  of  the  society  in 
1872,  and  a  State  asylum  was  advocated. for  the  care  and  treat- 
ment of  inebriates. 

In  1790,  the  common  charge  for  a  visit  was  "  two  and  six- 
pence." Before'the  close  of  the  century  this  charge  was  raised 
to  fifty  cents.  In  1813  it  was  seventy-five  cents,  at  which  mark 
it  stood  for  thirty-five  years.  In  1843  the  charge  of  $1  became 
the  rule  of  our  profession  in  Hartford,  though  the  fees  for  sur- 
gical operations  and  for  visiting  patients  in  the  country  had 
not  changed  for  fifty  years.  The  price  in  Hartford  was  raised 
in  1800  to  $1.50  per  visit,  and  in  1805  to  $2. 

One  of  the  ptominent  men  of  the  society  was  Dr.  Silas 
Fuller,  who  succeeded  Dr.  Eli  Todd  as  superintendent  of  the 
Retreat.  He  came  to  Hartford  about  1833,  from  Columbia, 
where  he  had  been  in  practice  for  many  years,  and  gained  a 

(33) 


high  reputation  as  a  surgeon.  He  was  large  and  portly  and 
very  commanding  in  appearance.  A  great  reader,  and  espe- 
cially well  posted  on  ancient  history,  his  love  for  books  was 
such  that  it  is  said  that  when  called  to  neighboring  towns  if  he 
found  an  interesting  book  he  would  finish  reading  it  before  he 
returned  home.  He  died  in  1847. 

Amariah  Brigham  came  to  Hartford  from  Greenfield  in 
1841  with  an  enviable  reputation  as  an  intelligent,  studious 
man  of  excellent  character,  well  informed  in  his  profession.  Of 
all  the  medical  men  who  have  lived  in  this  place  it  is  doubtful 
if  any  of  them  was  asked  to  locate  here  by  .so  numerous  and 
respectable  a  body  of  people  as  that  which  invited  him.  The 
city  specially  needed  a  surgeon,  and  sought  it  in  him.  Dr. 
Russell,  who  studied  medicine  in  his  office,  says  of  him  that  he 
was  one  who  had  the  boldness  to  think  for  himself,  and  took 
nothing  upon  mere  authority,  but  investigated  personally.  He 
was  a  fluent  writer,  and  his  first  production  was  upon  "  The 
Influence  of  Mental  Application  upon  Health,"  which  passed 
through  several  editions  and  was  republished  in  England.  He 
had  made  some  study  of  the  nervous  system  and  afterwards 
wrote  a  volume  upon  "  The  Brain  and  Nervous  Diseases."  He 
was  chosen  superintendent  of  the  Retreat  in  1840,  succeeding 
Dr.  Silas  Fuller.  He  brought  to  the  institution  much  system 
and  ability,  but  was  soon  called  to  take  charge  of  a  much 
larger  asylum,  that  at  Utica,  N.  Y.,  where  he  became  eminent, 
and  founded  the  first  journal  devoted  to  the  study  of  insanity. 
He  died  in  1849. 

Samuel  B.  Woodward,  M.  I).,  son  of  Dr.  Samuel  Wood- 
ward, was  born  in  Torringford,  June  10,  1787.  He  studied 
medicine  with  his  father,  was  licensed  to  practice  by  the  State 
Medical  Society,  in  1809,  assisted  his  father  for  a  year  or  two, 
and  then  removed  to  Wethersfield. 

Here  he  remained  twenty-two  years,  being  for  a  large  part 
of  the  time  the  only  physician  in  the  place.  During  this  period 
he  was  elected  secretary  of  the  Connecticut  Medical  Society, 
vice-president  of  the  Hopkins  Medical  Society,  and  one  of  the 

(34) 


AMARIAH  BRIGHAM. 


medical  examiners  of  Vale  College,  from  \vhich  lie  received,  in 
18'-^,  the  degree  of  M.  1).  From  l^'i]  to  is:!.'!,  he  was  physi- 
cian to  the  Connecticut  State  prison.  He  became  early  inter- 
ested in  the  subject  of  insanity,  and  in  18^4  \vas  strongly  urged 
for  the  position  of  superintendent  of  the  Bloomingdale  Asylum 
then  opened  in  the  State  of  New  Vork.  He  was  largely  instru- 
mental in  the  establishment  of  the  Hartford  Retreat,  uas  one 
of  the  board  of  visitors,  and  in  18:>4,  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Todd, 
was  urged  to  accept  the  position  of  superintendent.  This  offer 
was  repeated  in  1840,  but  was  declined,  as  was  in  1*4';!  an  elec- 
tion as  superintendent  of  the  New  Vork  Asylum,  at  I'tica,  he 
deeming  it  best  to  remain  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  whither  he  had 
gone  in  183'-2,  as  superintendent  of  the  State  asylum  then  in 
process  of  erection  there.  In  184U,  with  shattered  health,  he 
retired  to  Northampton,  Mass.,  where  he  died  Jan.  :>,  1S.">(),  at 
the  age  of  sixty-three.  Dr.  Woodward  was  an  honorary  mem- 
ber of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society  from  18:!:!,  and  of  the 
Connecticut  State  Society  from  183.").  In  18:>'2  he  represented 
Hartford  district  in  the  State  Senate,  accepting  the  position  in 
order  to  further  the  interests  of  the  insane,  whose  acknowledged 
champion  he  already  was.  In  1838  he  became  a  fellow  of  the 
Albany  Medical  College.  He  was  the  founder  and  first  presi- 
dent of  the  Association  of  Insane  Asylum  Superintendents  ;  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  State  Medical  Society  and  the  Ohio  His- 
torical Society.  He  was  a  firm  friend  of  the  Massachusetts 
School  for  Idiotic  Youth,  and  in  1840  prepared  a  plan  for  an 
asylum  for  inebriates,  of  which  he  would  willingly  have  been 
superintendent.  Two  years  ago  Massachusetts  opened  such 
an  asylum. 

His  reputation  rests,  however,  on  his  work  among  the  in- 
sane, he  being,  as  Dr.  Edward  Jarvis,  of  Boston,  called  him, 
the  leader  in  the  great  reform  in  the  management  of  the  insane, 
the  example  of  whose  hospital  has  done  more  than  any  one 
thing  to  extend  this  reformation  throughout  the  Union.  His 
influence  over  the  unfortunate  class  among  whom  he  worked 
was  greatly  aided  by  his  personal  appearance,  he  being  <!  feet 

(35) 


'ly-z  inches  in  height  and  weighing  "iHO  pounds,  possessing  much 
personal  magnetism,  and,  according  to  Mr.  Stanton,  much  re- 
sembling George  Washington  in  the  latter  part  of  his  life. 

There  was  no  one  who  seemed  to  follow  in  the  footsteps  of 
Dr.  Sumner  so  naturally  as  Dr.  Beresford,  who  came  here  with 
his  father,  Dr.  James  Beresford,  in  1834.  He,  however,  was 
more  distinguished  as  a  surgeon  than  Dr.  Sumner,  and  was 
looked  up  to  in  this  part  of  the  State  as  such.  The  Hartford 
hospital  owes  him  a  large  debt  of  gratitude  for  his  surgical 
assistance  as  well  as  his  conscientious  discharge  of  duty  to  all 
patients,  he  frequently  making  two  or  three  visits  a  day.  His 
familiar  figure  at  McNary's  drug  store,  after  the  day's  labors 
were  over,  especially  in  company  with  Dr.  Jackson,  will  be 
remembered  by  many. 

Judging  men  by  "the  works  they  leave  behind  them,"  and 
coming  down  to  those  who  are  within  the  memory  of  most  of 
us,  the  name  of  the  man  through  whose  efforts  that  institution 
of  which  we  are  all  proud,  the  Hartford  Hospital,  was  founded 
—  George  B.  Hawley  —  is  first  in  mind.  Born  at  Bridgeport 
in  1812,  graduated  from  Yale  College  in  1833,  and  from  the 
medical  department  of  the  same  institution  in  1835,  he  became 
associated  in  183(5  with  Dr.  Fuller,  superintendent  of  the 
Retreat.  In  1840  he  began  general  practice  in  this  city.  He 
began  his  work  for  the  Hartford  Hospital  in  1854,  and  from 
that  time  on  it  was  the  work  of  his  life,  and  he  was  the  leading 
spirit  in  its  management  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
April,  1883.  He  also  established  the  Old  People's  Home. 

Dr.  Hawley's  character  was  very  marked.  His  perceptive 
faculties  were  prominent,  leading  him  to  form  rapid  judgments 
of  men  and  affairs.  He  possessed  untiring  energy,  intense 
persistency  in  the  pursuit  of  any  point  that  seemed  desirable, 
and  confident  belief  of  success  in  all  his  efforts.  This  was 
most  plainly  shown  in  the  manner  and  method  used  to  estab- 
lish the  Hospital.  He  selected  and  purchased  the  site,  and 
set  about  raising  the  money  for  its  erection,  so  presenting  ths 
claims  of  his  project  and  the  benefits  to  accrue  therefrom  that 

(36) 


there  were  few  of  charitable  heart  and  generous  mind  whom  he 
did  not  personally  convince,  not  only  of  the  desirability  of  his 
scheme,  but  also  that  it  would  be  a  good  thing  to  be  identified 
with  it,  if  not  by  immediate  payment,  still,  none  the  less 
welcome,  by  provision  in  their  wills. 

He  superintended  the  construction  of  the  buildings,  with 
the  exception  of  the  women's  and  children's  wards,  watching 
with  keen,  critical  interest  the  expenditure  of  the  funds,  at  the 
same  time  never  missing  an  opportunity  of  bringing  the  subject 
to  the  attention  of  anybody  and  everybody  whom  he  could  in- 
fluence to  help  along  this  child  of  his  mind. 

In  like  manner  and  with  equal  energy  he  set  about  raising 
the  funds  for  The  Old  People's  Home.  The  marble  tablets 
upon  which  the  names  of  generous  donors  were  placed  evince 
his  successful  persistence  and  energy  no  less  than  their  hearty 
cooperation. 

How  fitting  it  seems  that  he  should  turn  to  this  "child," 
for  which  he  had  done  so  much,  when  sickness  came  upon  him, 
and  find  within  her  walls  such  comfort  and  loving  care  as  an 
appreciative  child  alone  can  give  to  a  doting  parent.  "  Failure 
never  convinced  him  of  mistake.  He  evidently  believed  that 
by  persisting  he  could  surmount  any  obstacle.  Very  few  men 
indeed  possess  his  powers  of  endurance,  and  few  could  accom- 
plish the  same  amount  of  work  in  as  short  space  of  time." 

There  were  thirty-nine  original  members  of  this  society, 
and  the  present  number  is  125.  The  total  number  since  its 
organization  has  been  4-80,  an  increase  of  about  four  members 
per  year. 

We  have  five  members  who  have  been  connected  with  the 
society  over  fifty  years,  namely:  Drs.  (',.  W.  Russell,  David 
Crary,  P.  W.  Ellsworth,  A.  W.  Barrows,  and  (',.  W.  Sanford,  all 
of  whom  are  here  to-day  except  Dr.  Sanford,  of  Tariff ville. 
Long  may  they  enjoy  health  and  happiness,  and  the  peace  that 
abides  with  a  life  well  spent  in  self-sacrificing  labor  for  one's 
fellow-man. 

Dr.    Archibald   Welch    was   the   son   of   Moses   C.   Welch, 

(37) 


D.D.,  pastor  of  the  Second  Congregational  Church  in  Mans- 
field, Conn.  He  was  a  descendant  of  the  Puritans,  on  both 
sides  of  the  family.  On  his  mother's  side  he  was  in  the  sixth 
generation  from  Robert  Williams,  who  came  to  New  England 
in  1037,  in  the  great  Puritan  exodus  from  the  mother  country. 
His  grandmother  was  sister  of  Rector  Williams,  of  Yale  College, 
and  granddaughter  of  Rev.  Solomon  Stoddard,  who  was  also 
grandfather  of  Jonathan  Edwards. 

According  to  the  custom  of  clergymen  of  those  days,  his 
father's  house  served  the  function  of  the  more  modern  high 
school.  Rev.  Dr.  Welch  sometimes  had  several  boys  in  his 
family  studying,  and  in  this  higher  education  his  son  Archibald 
had  a  share.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Joseph  Palmer,  of 
Ashford,  and  in  the  medical  school  of  Yale  College,  attending 
two  courses  in  this  school,  and  three  years  in  all.  But  this  not 
equalling  the  required  time  for  a  degree  at  Yale,  he  received 
license  to  practice  medicine  from  the  Board  of  Censors,  Wind- 
ham  County. 

So  he  began  his  professional  life,  at  the  age  of  22,  in  1816, 
in  his  native  town.  Of  his  practice  in  Mansfield,  this  deserves 
mention,  that  at  the  outset,  in  opposition  to  general  custom,  he 
resolved  never  to  take,  at  the  house  of  any  patient,  a  drop  of 
anything  that  could  intoxicate.  He  was  among  the  first,  if  not 
the  first  man  in  his  own  town,  to  practice  "total  abstinence." 
Thus  he  lived  and  practiced  sixteen  years,  gaining  a  strong  hold 
on  the  confidence  and  appreciation  of  the  people. 

In  1832  he  removed  to  Wrethersfield,  Conn.  In  1836,  by 
the  recommendation  of  the  Fellows  of  the  Connecticut  Medical 
Society,  he  received  the  honorary  degree  of-M.D.  from  Yale 
College.  While  living  here,  he  represented  the  town  twice  in 
the  State  Legislature.  On  one  of  these  times,  in  1838,  this  ques- 
tion was  up  in  the  House,  whether  the  State  should  discriminate 
against  color  in  the  matter  of  suffrage,  and  he  voted  to  strike 
out  the  word  "white"  from  the  constitution.  He  was  in  the 
minority  in  the  legislature,  and  in  a  very  small  minority  in  his 
town. 

(38) 


After  another  sixteen  years.  Dr.  \\"elrh  removed  to  Hart- 
ford, much  against  the  strongly  expressed  wishes  of  the  people 
in  whose  families  he  practiced.  Dr.  U'elch  \vas  devoted  to  his 
profession.  The  Connecticut  State  Medical  Societies  were 
affectionately  remembered  and  faithfully  attended.  He  was 
successively  secretary,  vice-president,  and  president  ol  the  State 
Society.  He  was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  board  of 
examiners  of  the  medical  school  of  Vale  College.  He  was  very 
loyal  to  the  "regular  faculty."  In  a  paper  on  medical  ethics 
before  the  State  Society  in  IS.V^,  he  said:  "The  whole  group 
of  quackery  and  imposition  of  this  character  is  opposed  to  the 
interests  of  the  medical  profession  and  the  welfare  of  the  pub- 
lic. And  every  member  of  our  profession  who  wishes  to  ad- 
vance the  interests  of  science  and  benefit  his  fellow-man,  should 
abandon  professional  intercourse  with  those  who  make  preten- 
sions to  a  special  system  of  practice." 

In  his  relations  with  his  patients,  and  in  his  manner  in  the 
sick  room,  Dr.  Welch  was  very  pleasant  and  sympathetic. 
Some  of  his  strongest  attachments  were  formed  in  this  way.  It 
has  been  written  of  him  that  "he  possessed  in  an  eminent 
degree  those  graces  of  heart  and  manner  which  fitted  him 
peculiarly  well  for  the  ministries  required  in  the  house  of  sick- 
ness and  mourning.  His  ministrations  were  not  confined 
strictly  within  professional  bounds.  The  hearts  of  sufferers 
were  touched  by  those  words  of  consolation  which  none  can  so 
well  administer  as  the  Christian  physician." 

Dr.  Welch  married  in  1818  Miss  Hyde,  daughter  of  Mr. 
Daniel  Hyde,  of  Lebanon,  Conn.  They  had  five  children.  He 
was  born  in  1704.  He  died  in  1853.  He  had  been  attending 
the  meeting  of  the  American  Medical  Association  in  New  Vork 
City,  and  started  for  his  home  the  Oth  of  May.  At  Norwalk 
the  train  ran  into  an  open  draw,  and  several  cars  were  plunged 
into  the  water.  Dr.  Welch's  body  was  one  of  the  first  taken 
out.  Life  was  extinct. 

Dr.  William  Seward  Pierson,  of  Windsor,  was  the  lineal 
descendant,  in  the  sixth  generation,  of  Rev.  Abraham  Pierson, 

(39) 


who  emigrated  to  New  England  from  Yorkshire,  England,  in 
104-0.  He  was  born  in  North  Ivillingworth,  Conn.,  Nov.  IT, 
lT*i,  entered  Yale  at  the  age  of  IT,  and  was  graduated  in 
1SOS.  In  18i;>  he  received  the  degree  of  M.I),  from  Dart- 
mouth, and  immediately  afterward  commenced  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  his  native  parish,  Killingworth.  A  few 
months  later  he  moved  to  Durham  by  invitation  of  the  people 
of  that  town  and  was  in  general  practice  there  until  1818, 
when  he  removed  to  ^'indsor  to  occupy  the  field  left  vacant 
by  the  death  of  Dr.  Abel  Simmons.  He  spent  the  remainder 
of  his  life,  forty-two  years,  in  Windsor,  and  during  the  first 
eighteen  years  of  that  time  was  engaged  in  a  large  and  lucrative 
practice.  His  death  occurred  July  10,  1800,  in  the  seventy- 
third  year  of  his  age. 

Dr.  Guy  R.  Phelps,  a  member  of  this  society  in  1831,  was 
a  native  of  Simsbury.  He  was  graduated  at  Yale  Medical  Col- 
lege in  1825;  practiced  in  New  York  City,  in  Simsbury  and  in 
Hartford.  His  later  history  belongs  to  another  field,  but  it  is 
one  of  the  landmarks  of  Hartford's  history  also:  he  was  a 
founder  and  the  first  president  of  the  first  life  insurance  com- 
pany in  this  city. 

And  thus  we  follow  down  the  progress  of  "the  healing 
art,"  the  "fashions  in  remedies"  changing  as  the  decades  roll 
on,  but  each  one  drawing  nearer  to  nature's  laws  of  cause  and 
effect,  until  within  the  last  decade  we  see  what  revelations 
the  "  germ  theory"  and  the  theory  of  "immunity"  from  dis- 
eases has  made  in  our  knowledge  of  the  diseases  of  man  and 
animals  ! 

How  fitting  that  at  our  last  meeting,  the  one  that  closed 
our  century  of  existence  as  a  body,  we  should  have  had  pre- 
sented to  us,  upon  a  screen,  in  forms  so  large  and  clear  that 
"he  who  runs  may  read,"  the  mighty  forces  of  minute  life 
which  are  in  constant  waiting  to  prey  upon  us. 

I  trust  that  as  the  years  roll  on  this  progress  of  science, 
which  has  increased  in  inverse  ratio  to  the  advancing  years, 
may  continue,  and  that  the  meetings  of  this  association  may  in 

(40) 


the   future  be  dominated    by    the  same    spirit    of   impiiry    and 
fraternal  good-will  that  has  characterized  its  past  gatherings. 


The  Mayor  of  the  city,  the  Hon.  William  Waldo 
Hyde,  who  had  been  invited  to  represent  the  City  of 
Hartford,  spoke  as  follows: — 

THE   MAYOR'S   ADDRESS. 
MR.  PRESIDENT  AND  GKNTLKMKN  OF  THK  ASSOCIATION  : 

A  book  which  recently  fell  into  my  hands  gave  a  picture 
of  the  Egyptian  city  of  Alexandria  in  the  early  part  of  the  Chris- 
tian era  ;  a  city  full  of  luxury  and  superstition,  \vith  temples 
dedicated  to  many  gods,  both  those  of  Egypt  and  of  Greece. 
The  scene  was  laid  at  the  time  of  a  visit  of  one  of  the  Ciusars. 
Elaborate  preparation  had  been  made  for  his  reception,  and  vast 
crowds  thronged  the  streets  through  which  he  was  to  pass. 
Among  those  who  attended  the  Emperor  was  one  figure  which 
attracted  more  than  ordinary  attention.  It  was  that  of  the  Em- 
peror's attending  physician,  Galenus.  When  he  passed  he  was 
received  with  a  respect  and  admiration  which  no  one  vouchsafed 
to  his  royal  master.  It  was  noised  abroad  that  on  the  morrow 
this  great  man  would  spend  an  hour  in  the  public  hospitals, 
and  at  break  of  day  litters  could  have  been  seen  passing  to  the 
spot  where  it  was  hoped  the  sick  ones  might  get  the  benefit  of 
a  word  from  the  lips  of  the  famous  Roman  doctor.  Belief  in 
the  saving  virtues  of  sacrifice  to  their  gods  was  not  now  suffi- 
cient. One  moment  of  the  time  of  the  skillful  learned  doctor 
seemed  worth  more  than  all  the  aid  which  their  superstitious 
worship  could  afford.  Fiction  though  this  may  be,  how  truly  it 
represents  the  physician's  place  through  all  time.  How  we 
await  his  words,  fearing  and  hoping,  but  trusting  absolutely  to 
his  wisdom  and  .foresight.  To  many  of  us  the  physician's  work 
appears  in  a  certain  sense  akin  to  the  marvelous.  The  knowl- 
edge which  enables  him  to  see  that  which  is  invisible,  and  to 
reason  from  effect  to  cause  with  accuracy,  has  always  been  to 

(41) 


me  a  source  of  wonder  since  my  mind  was  able  to  grasp  an  idea. 
It  is  not  strange  that  the  ignorant  should  have  attributed  super- 
natural power  to  those  blessed  with  the  gift  of  healing.  The 
position  of  the  physician  is  one  of  immense  responsibility  by 
reason  of  this  trust  which  we  repose  in  him.  It  is  in  my  mind 
a  greater  responsibility  in  many  ways  than  that  which  any  of  the 
other  professions  entail.  It  is  a  cause  of  thankfulness  that  the 
responsibility  is  so  fully  appreciated  by  the  members  of  the 
medical  profession,  and  so  nobly  borne.  Who  of  us  has 
not  in  his  mind  scores  of  men  who  have  given  a  lifetime  of 
service,  working  in  season  and  out,  to  help  others  out  of  their 
physical  troubles,  and  whose  only  reward  has  been  the  con- 
sciousness of  duty  well  performed?  All  honor  to  such  men. 
The  value  of  their  lives  cannot  be  estimated  by  us.  Each 
one  of  them,  however,  has  filled  a  place  in  the  foundation  of 
the  structure  we  call  modern  life  which  has  given  it  stability 
and  strength. 

With  all  this,  however,  it  has  seemed  strange  that  in  view 
of  the  importance  of  maintaining  the  highest  character  for  the 
medical  profession  and  protecting  the  public  against  the  dangers 
of  quackery,  this  profession  has  had  less  restrictions  imposed 
upon  it  than  either  the  law  or  theology.  While  no  man  can  act 
as  attorney  in  a  court  of  justice  in  this  State  unless  he  has  been 
regularly  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  no  man  can  become  a  well- 
qualified  clergyman  without  some  form  at  least  of  ordination, 
any  man  can  set  himself  up  as  a  physician  on  his  own  unsup- 
ported responsibility.  Be  he  sufficiently  clear-headed  and 
attractive,  he  may  be  able  to  secure  a  considerable  practice  and 
do  a  large  amount  of  damage.  Here,  however,  we  see  the  good 
work  of  such  a  society  as  this  whose  anniversary  we  celebrate 
to-day.  While  jealousies  of  one  kind  and  another  have  hitherto 
prevented  the  passage  of  any  really  effective  laws  for  the  regu- 
lation or  control  of  the  practice  of  medicine,  this  old  Hartford 
County  Medical  Association  has  been  steadily  at  work  raising 
the  standard  of  the  profession.  In  one  sense  it  has  been  pro- 
tecting people  against  themselves.  There  have  always  been 

(42) 


enough  people  who  enjoy  following  new  or  strange  notions  to 
prevent  positive  legislative  action  on  this  subject.  This  society, 
by  bringing  together  leading  members  of  the  profession  and 
placing  itself  on  the  side  of  good  morals  and  honest  public 
service,  has  served  to  give  a  tone  and  character  to  the  practice  of 
medicine  here  for  which  we  ought  to  be  most  thankful.  The 
public  owe  a  great  debt  to  those  who  founded  and  have  con- 
ducted the  affairs  of  this  association  from  this  point  of  view 
alone.  If  in  the  future  it  shall  add  to  this  by  securing  or  aid- 
ing to  secure  the  passage  of  such  a  law  as  will  protect  the  weak- 
minded  and  ignorant  from  the  numerous  deceptions  now  prac- 
ticed under  various  names,  the  people  will  rise  up  and  call  it 
blessed. 

This  society  deserves  also  a  large  portion  of  the  credit  for 
the  conception  and  ultimate  success  of  the  plans  which  led  to 
the  erection  here  of  those  institutions  to  which  reference  has 
been  made  by  your  President,  and  of  which  our  city  is  justly 
proud.  Prominent  among  the  names  of  those  who  have  been 
foremost  in  the  work  of  establishing  our  Hospital,  the  Retreat 
for  the  Insane,  and  the  Old  People's  Home,  are  those  of  mem- 
bers of  this  society.  Not  a  little  impetus  was  given  to  these 
projects  by  discussions  here.  In  fact,  the  success  of  these 
institutions  could  hardly  have  been  secured  without  its  active 
co-operation.  Sharing  as  it  does  in  the  general  good  results 
which  this  society  has  produced,  our  city  is  therefore  under 
special  obligations  of  its  own.  Standing  here  to-day  as  its  rep- 
resentative, I  wish  to  express  to  you  our  sense  of  this  obligation. 
I  cannot  take  the  time  to  name  those  who  have  especial  title 
to  credit  in  these  matters,  nor  is  it  necessary.  It  is  sufficient 
to  say  that  we  shall  ever  keep  their  memories  green,  and  with 
them  the  memory  of  those  others  of  your  members,  some  of 
whom  I  see  here  to-day,  and  who'  have  so  faithfully  carried  on 
the  work  their  predecessors  began. 

It  would  be  a.  noteworthy  gathering  if  we  could  assemble 
here  to-day  all  those  who  for  a  hundred  years  have  been  promi- 
nent in  your  councils.  How  the  pioneers  of  1792  would  rejoice 

(43) 


in  the  good  work  which  has  been  accomplished  !  How  the  men 
of  to-day  would  unite  in  doing  honor  to  the  veterans  of  the  past '. 
It  is  one  of  the  lessons  of  this  day  of  anniversaries,  however 
that  we  can  never  live  to  celebrate  the  full  fruition  of  our 
hopes.  We  have  to  be  thankful  that  it  is  our  privilege  to  enjoy 
so  many  of  the  anniversaries.  In  this  how  great  is  our  good 
fortune  as  compared  with  that  of  the  men  of  one  hundred  years 
ago.  They  had  no  opportunity  for  such  occasions.  Theirs 
was  a  life  of  work.  They  laid  the  foundations,  and  laid  them 
well.  Between  their  day  and  ours  much  has  been  done  in 
perfecting  the  superstructure.  Our  duty  is  to  go  on  and  aid  in 
its  completion. 

Gentlemen  of  the  society,  your  past  has  been  a  thing  to  be 
proud  of.  My  best  wish  for  you  is  that  the  future  of  your 
society  may  be  a  worthy  continuation  of  that  past. 


The  following  poem  was  then  read  by  Nathan  Mayer, 
M.  D.,  of  Hartford:— 

FROM  AGE  TO  AGE 


Like  ripened  apples  on  the  sod, 
In  form  alike,  diverse  in  taste, 
Destined  for  use  or  doomed  to  waste, 

The  years  fall  from  the  hand  of  God. 

And  life  has  pressed  them  to  the  lees 
To  reach  their  pow'r  for  widest  use, 
Their  grace,  their  good  ;  then  paid  the  dues 

To  self  in  fragrant  memories. 

And  as  in  mills  where  apples  yield 
Their  bubbling  blood,  the  air  is  sweet 
With  pungent  harvest  smells  that  fleet 

Across  the  stream  and  o'er  the  field  ; 

(44) 


So  floats  to  us  the  precious  scent 
That  rises  from  a  century's  deeds. 
Relief  of  half  a  million  needs, 

Ten  thousand  lives  in  helping  spent. 

We  stand  ama/ed!      Oh,  who  can  tell 
What  self-denial  sweet,  what  bold 
Brave  acts,  kind  thoughts,  and  words  of  L 

These  hundred  years  of  helping  swell  ? 

And  who  will  know  what  patient  cares, 
What  skill  of  touch,  what  aimful  plan 
Inspired  by  science,  raised  the  ban 

Of  pain  and  death  these  hundred  years  ' 

None  but  the  Master  !     Widely  ope 
His  treasure-houses.      Forces  How, 
That  bear  us  high,  or  overthrow, 

As  we  are  fit  to  grasp  and  cope, 

Or  yield  supinely.     This  is  sure  — 

Things  help  or  hurt  as  used.      And  mind 
Reigns  so  supreme  its  touch  can  find 

In  heart  of  evil,  means  of  cure.* 

All  life  is  logic  of  decay. 

Old  organisms  cease  ;  the  new 
Evolve  ;  and  all  the  body  through 

The  changeless  tissue-changes  play. 

And  in  this  process  halt  or  thwart 
Means  failing  vital  force.     With  ease 
Low  lives  invade  us,f  and  disease 

Springs  up  and  summons  helpful  art. 

Around  us  lies  what  searching  thought 
Not  yet  by  answering  act  dispels, 
A  host  whose  entrance  in  our  cells 

Has  ever  unseen  ruin  wrought. 


'Jenner,  Koch,  Pasteur.         t  Bacilli. 

(45) 


And  so  it  is,  and  so  before 

Has  been  for  years  —  and  ages  past  ; 

And  will  be  till  ne\v  force  binds  fast 
The  causes  which  such  evil  bore. 

Till  knowledge  permeates  the  world 
Leashed  in  with  action,  and  the  deed, 
Unchecked  by  doubt,  unlamed  by  greed, 

Applies  what  patient  search  unfurled. 
*  *  *  *  *  * 

But  look  you  back,  across  the  space 

A  century  has  spanned,  and  find, 

Slow  seeding  in  the  early  mind, 
The  triumphs  of  our  later  days. 

'Twas  not  in  bodies,  but  as  men, 

Our  predecessors  fought  the  foe, 

With  observation  sure  and  slow, 
And  personal  experience,  then. 

'Twas  individual  skill  they  tried, 
'Twas  individual  craft  they  knew  ; 
By  hook  or  crook  they  carried  through 
Their  patients  to  the  safer  side. 

And  though  we  judge  their  theories  wrong, 
And  their  hypotheses  were  queer, 
They  acted  their  best  judgment  here, 

And  in  their  day  were  wise  and  strong. 

This  age  may  smile  at  what  they  taught 
And  how  they  wrote.  The  task  to  do 
Was  :  —  Cure  their  patient  !  This  they  knew 

And  did.     And  all  beside  was  naught. 

For,  wisely  sang  his  trenchant  rhyme 

In  other  lands  a  poet-sage  : 

"  He  who  has  satisfied  his  age 
Has  done  enough  for  every  time." 

(46) 


Hut  now  !  —  As  if  for  ages  past 

The  world  had  gathered  for  a  leap 

As  if  the  forces  still  and  vast 
That  centuries  had  lain   asleep 

Had  heard  the  Master  call  the  hour 

Up  root  and  trunk  and  branch  to  climb, 

And  burst  in  wealth  of  fruit  and  tlow'r 
Upon  the  mighty  tree  of  time  — 

So  sweeps  along  the  blast  of  Thought, 

So  pushes  Action's  engine  on, 
In  every  field  where  man  has  wrought, 

On  every  line  where  man  has  done  ! 

And  in  this  marvel  of  our  days 

Could  Medicine  have  lagged  behind, 

Nor  run  the  course  and  won  her  bays 
With  kindred  daughters  of  the  mind  ? 

Not  so.  She  boldly  pressed  along 
The  splendid  road  of  saving  deeds  — 

She  hearkened  to  the  broken  song 

Of  heart  and  lungs  in  stress  and  needs  : 

Under  the  convex  lenses  spread 

The  microcosmos  ;  searched,  and  saw 

The  direful  cause  of  symptoms  wed 
To  dire  effects,  and  reached  the  law 

That  rules  disease.     She  learned  to  serve 
The  needs  and  aims  she  could  not  shape, 

And  found  that  nature,  loath  to  swerve, 
Will  press  to  gateways  of  escape. 

Then  bolder  yet,  with  skillful  hand 
She  struck  where'er  was  danger  seen  — 

And  science  came  to  understand 

All  things  were  safe  —  so  all  were  clean. 

(47) 


This  gospel  of  the  utter  clean  \ 

She  preached  aloud  and  practiced  fair 

With  all  her  means  —  without,  within  — 
In  touch  and  instrument  and  air. 

She  set  the  limits  of  decay, 

And  killed  its  poison  ;  making  shield 
Of  all-resisting  force  that  lay 

In  vital  tissue,  new-revealed. 

And  we,  her  authors  and  her  heirs, 
Hoard  not  what  individual  quest 

Has  won  !   'Tis  spread  in  countless  shares 
By  rank  and  file  we  march  abreast  ! 

The  communism  of  the  mind 

Makes  free  to  all  what  each  obtains  ; 

Some  press  on  first,  some  lag  behind, 
But  all  may  grasp  the  highest  gains. 

Thus  common  science  fills  the  age  ; 

Yet  skill  and  judgment  to  apply 
Still  show  the  master.     Each  may  wage 

The  fight  with  equal  arms.     But  high 

Above  is  he  whose  counsels  ripe, 

On  common-sense  and  conscience  set, 

For  manhood's  roundest,  fullest  type 
Gives  us  the  best  physician  yet. 


This  day  betwixt  the  past  we  stand 
And  that  great  time  which  is  to  be 
When  fruitage  comes  to  all  that  we 

Have  planted  with  a  zealous  hand. 

This  day  we  still  salute  the  past, 
We  gauge  its  merit,  know  its  worth, 
Exalt  its  memories  on  earth  — 

Source  of  our  work,  and  thus  to  last. 

:  Asepsis 

(48) 


But  past  is  past.     The  age  must  win 
Its  laurels  in  the  future.      Fate 
Swings  open  wide  the  century's  gate  : 

We  enter  in  —  we  enter  in! 


Then  followed  an  address  upon  the  relations  of  the 
clerical  profession  with  that  of  medicine,  by  the  Rev. 
George  Williamson  Smith,  D.  D.,  president  of  Trinity  Col- 
lege, who  thus  addressed  the  association: — 

DR.   SMITH'S   ADDRESS. 
GKNTLKMKN  OF  THE  HARTFORD  COUNTY  MKDICAI,  SOCIKTY  : 

Permit  me,  a  layman,  to  thank  you  for  the  privilege  of 
taking  part  in  this  centennial  celebration  of  your  society.  1 
regard  the  privilege  as  a  recognition  on  your  part  of  that  wide 
brotherhood  of  humanity  with  which  every  noble  and  benefi- 
cent calling  .is,  by  its  nature,  identified.  In  all  of  them  may  be 
traced  those  principles  which  make  them  near  of  kin  and  asso- 
ciate them  together  in  the  service  of  mankind.  The  same  blood 
flows  through  the  whole  body,  though  in  one  part  it  feeds  the 
muscle,  in  another  the  brain  ;  each  organ  requires  its  suste- 
nance, each  extremity  needs  its  life-giving  power. 

It  is  impossible  to  recall  the  hundred  years  of  your  society 
and  reflect  upon  the  character  of  its  members  without  recog- 
nizing that  their  beneficent  work  has  had  at  bottom  more  than 
commercial  or  professional  considerations. 

Charles  Kingsley,  in  "Alton  Locke,"  speaking  of  certain 
rough  and  boisterous  medical  students,  (-alls  attention  to  tin- 
fine  vein  of  a  rich  humanity  which  marked  their  conduct. 
"  Their  tenderness  and  care,"  says  the  poet,  "bestowed  with- 
out hope  of  payment,  cheers  daily  many  a  poor  soul  in  hospital 
wards  and  fever  cells  ;  "  and  so  we  are  reminded  that  there  is 
probably  no  calling  in  life  of  which  so  much  gratuitous  service 
is  expected  and  by  which  so  much  is  rendered. 

The  spirit  which  inspires  the  work  of  the   conscientious 

(49) 


physician  or  surgeon,  allies  his  work  with  that  which  has  always 
been  recognized  as  noble  and  divine  among  men. 

Permit  me  then,  on  this  occasion  of  rejoicing,  to  bring  into 
this  fair  company  some  of  its  spiritual  kindred,  who,  however 
remote  and  unknown  by  face  to  each  other,  are  yet,  in  various 
places  and  in  divers  manners,  co-operating  in  the  work  of  suc- 
coring and  uplifting  or  of  honoring  our  race.  Some  of  them 
will  be  easily  recognized  and  welcomed  as  fellow-workers  ; 
others  are  of  doubtful  lineage  ;  some  are  like  stars  that  shine 
in  a  quarter  so  remote  that  only  the  enlarged  vision  can  discern 
their  shining  ;  and  others,  too  modest  to  claim  kindred  with  a 
learned  profession,  might  ordinarily  be  repudiated  with  scorn. 
But  I  believe  that  each  and  all,  as  they  manifest  an  unselfish, 
humane,  generous,  and  self-sacrificing  spirit,  will  be  welcomed 
with  hospitality  on  this  occasion  of  mutual  congratulations. 

For  it  is  by  this  spirit  that  all  generations  are  knit  together 
in  one  communion  and  fellowship,  and  live  in  an  eternal  pres- 
ent. Because  of  it  the  past  is  not  a  grave  nor  its  history  a 
musty  roll,  but  the  story  of  a  rich  organic  life,  full  of  over- 
whelming beauty  and  undying  interest.  In  the  old  world, 
it  inspired  deeds  and  sustained  men  whose  memories  we  will  not 
willingly  let  die  ;  and  it  weaves  anew  its  charm  about  the  souls 
of  men,  from  generation  to  generation  and  from  age  to  age. 

It  is  difficult  to  find  a  single  word  which  will  express  ade- 
quately that  sentiment  and  character  which  is  at  the  root  of  all 
nobility  —  that  "spirit  of  love,  and  beauty,  and  power"  which 
gives  "  the  finest  and  amplest "  manifestation  of  the  human  soul  ; 
and  which,  wherever  it  is  found,  testifies  to  a  common  origin  of 
those  who  possess  it,  "  who  are  born  not  of  blood,  nor  of  the 
will  of  the  flesh,  nor  of  the  will  of  man,  but  of  God  ;  "  but  for 
our  present  purpose  it  will  suffice  to  adopt  for  its  description 
the  old  word  "heroic,"  which  is  of  such  rare  temper  that  it  has 
refused  to  be  degraded  like  other  words,  and  stands  to-day 
for  very  much  the  same  quality  of  soul  as  in  the  days  of  Homer, 
only  that  it  has  been  enlarged  and  enriched  by  Christianity. 

Formerly  this  quality  was  regarded  as  singular  and  excep- 

(50) 


tional,  and  was  supposed  to  be  the  possession  of  the  commis- 
sioned few  ;  but  it  is  now  become  a  recognized  element  in  modern 
life,  and  has  to  be  reckoned  with  as  a  motive  power  in  classes, 
trades,  and  occupations,  and  has  elevated  into  dignity  and  im- 
portance pursuits  which  were  once  regarded  as  sordid  and 
mean.  Sometimes  it  is  a  very  troublesome  spirit.  By  its  very 
nature  it  resists  the  tendency  of  laissez-faire  that  would  sink 
the  world  into  the  repose  of  nerveless  sloth.  It  always  believes 
in  improvement  and  cries  for  reform.  It  believes  that  there  is 
a  better  than  the  present  good,  and  regards  each  gain  as  a  new 
point  of  departure  for  a  further  gain. 

Ruskin,  surveying  the  occupations  and  callings  of  men, 
gives  the  palm  of  nobility  to  the  soldier,  not  because  he  goes 
forth  to  kill,  but  because  he  goes  forth  to  be  killed.  It  is  this 
element  of  self-sacrifice  which  establishes  the  right  of  the  soldier 
to  the  highest  place  which  a  man  can  hold.  The  marked  char- 
acteristic of  the  military  service  is  its  scorn  of  the  dictates  of 
commonplace  prudence,  or  rather  its  loyal  obedience  to  tin- 
dictates  of  a  higher  prudence  than  is  taught  in  the  mean  and 
cautious  maxims  of  "Poor  Richard."  All  that  a  man  has  is 
thrown  into  peril  because  it  is  of  less  worth  than  duty  to  coun- 
try. When  a  true  soldier  appreciates  his  position  he  is  exalted 
above  the  sordid  and  the  commonplace.  He  is  sustained  by  a 
glimpse  of  a  nobility  within  himself  which  he  recognixes  with 
reverence,  and  the  consciousness  of  which  always  struggles  in 
hours  of  trial  and  temptation  with  what  is  low  and  base.  "  We 
are  making  history  fast,"  said  Stimers,  in  the  turret  of  the 
untried  "  Monitor"  in  her  encounter  with  the  "  Merrimac."  A 
nobler  chord  was  struck  by  Nelson  when  he  caused  to  be  sig- 
naled to  the  fleet,  as  it  cleared  for  action,  "  England  expects 
every  man  to  do  his  duty."  It  was  an  act  still  nobler  when 
Craven  and  his  pilot  stood  for  a  moment  in  the  turret  of  the 
sinking  ship,  and  only  one  could  escape,  and  the  commander 
gave  as  his  last  order  to  his  subaltern,  "  Leave  the  ship,  sir," 
thus  accepting  death  for  himself.  No  Bayard  or  Sir  Philip 
Sidney  could  surpass  that  act,  and  all  noble  spirits,  to  whom  the 

(51) 


world  does  willing  homage,  recogni/e  in  Craven  a  spirit  kindred 
to  their  own. 

The  earliest  and  most  striking  examples  of  the  heroic  are 
in  military  life.  So  it  is  not  merely  due  to  a  survival  of  old 
forms  of  speech,  or  to  the  itching  of  the  ear  for  archaic  expres- 
sions, that  all  modern  language  is  permeated  with  military 
phrases,  and  that  they  are  the  ordinary  terms  by  which  to  de- 
scribe intrepidity  and  nobility  of  soul.  ''To  battle"  is  still  the 
expression  of  what  is  manly  and  generous  and  self-sacrificing. 
It  is  recognized  that  to  die  is  often  better  than  to  live  ;  so  the 
old  Greek  heroes  in  Homer's  immortal  tale  "  slept  in  the  Meads 
of  Asphodel."  Perennial  glory  and  beauty  blossomed  forth 
from  their  ashes  —  type  of  a  spiritual  reality  for  which  all  words 
are  inadequate,  but  which  is  always  felt  by  men  who  are  brave 
and  true. 

All  men  are  capable,  by  fits  and  starts,  of  unselfish  and 
generous  action.  Some  of  the  most  daring  deeds  have  been 
done  on  impulse  by  those  who  in  ordinary  life  were  sluggish  and 
self-indulgent.  The  spirit  of  their  better  nature  has  burst 
through  the  crust  of  dull  animalism  and  now  and  then  asserted 
itself  against  the  pressure  of  habit.  But  to  persist  in  a  course 
of  action  which  a  man  feels  to  be  right,  is  a  different  thing  ; 
to  persist  in  it  against  the  accepted  maxims  of  prudence,  to  fol- 
low one's  convictions  of  what  is  true  and  honorable,  at  perpetual 
personal  loss,  to  be  counted  visionary  and  unbalanced,  to  be 
reckoned  among  the  impracticable  who  have  extravagant  notions 
of  the  "  categorical  imperative,"  and  finally  to  perish  without 
recognition,  is  the  lot  of  multitudes  of  unknown  men  and  women 
who  keep  the  world  from  ripening  to  that  overripeness  which  is 
rottenness. 

This  element  of  untiring  perseverance  is  found  in  all  work 
which  is  truly  heroic,  and  is  required  to  resist  the  weariness 
that  grows  upon  the  spirit  in  all  attempts  at  right-doing.  For 
example,  a  thousand  unutterable  doubts  besiege  the  heart  as 
one  goes  down  into  the  cloud  that  overhangs  the  plague- 
stricken  city!  How  the  atmosphere  grows  thick  and  heavy, 

(52) 


and  closes  around  one  like  a  shroud,  and  subtly  penetrates  the 
bravest  soul  as  clay  after  day  goes  by  in  the  dull  monotony  ot 
ministering  to  the  sick  and  dying!  .  Yet  never  has  your  profes- 
sion flinched,  and  to-day,  as  always,  the  call  for  medical  aid  in 
pestilence  is  responded  to  by  a  larger  number  than  can  be 
employed. 

Striking  as  are  the  examples  of  devotion  and  self-sacrifice 
among  the  medical  fraternity  in  cases  of  consuming  pestilence, 
manifest  as  is  the  spirit  in  the  daily  round,  in  heat  and  frost, 
from  hospital  to  hospital,  from  sick-room  to  sick-room,  perhaps, 
what  impresses  us  most  in  this  day  is  the  devotion  to  human 
welfare  shown  in  laboratory  researches  pursued  at  great  sacri- 
fices and  without  hope  of  reward.  The  enormous  strides  made 
in  surgery  and  medicine  within  a  few  years  are  due  to  enthusi- 
asm and  untiring  research.  New  drugs  have  been  introduced, 
or  discarded,  often  at  the  cost  of  life  to  the  experimenter. 
Christison  wellnigh  lost  his  own  life  with  calabar  bean.  Toyn- 
bee  experimented  with  prussic  acid  on  himself  and  was  found 
dead  in  his  laboratory.  By  such  heroic  methods  the  alleviation 
of  human  suffering  has  advanced,  and  put  humanity  more  and 
more  in  debt  to  the  physician  and  the  surgeon. 

No  wonder  that  the  keen-witted  Athenian,  in  his  admira- 
tion for  moral  beauty,  reared  temples  to  .-Ksculapius,  and  con- 
ferred the  same  honors  upon  Hippocrates  as  had  before  been 
given  to  mighty  Hercules,  the  prince  of  heroes. 

Persistence  in  unconscious  self-sacrifice  is  the  character- 
istic feature  of  the  heroism  of  common  life.  The  heroism  of 
women  is  proverbial.  There  are  multitudes  like  the  Scotch  lass 
of  story,  who  could  not  count  five  upon  her  fingers,  and  yet  kept 
her  drunken  father  by  her  own  hands'  labor  for  twenty-three 
years.  There  is  many  a  garret  where  no  eye  but  that  of  the 
good  God  enters  to  note  the  patience  and  the  fortitude  and  tin- 
self-sacrifice  and  the  love  stronger  than  death  that  is  shining 
in  the  dark  places  of  the  earth.  The  pilots  of  our  vessels,  the 
engineers  and  other  employees  of  our  railroads,  the  fireman  in 
our  cities,  have  a  noble  record  of  heroism  which  is  lengthening 

(53) 


(lay  by  day.  Professors  in  colleges,  who,  like  Agassiz,  "have 
no  time  to  make  money,"  but  who,  though  poor,  "make  many 
rich  ; "  those  who  by  the  cultivation  of  letters  keep  the  current 
of  thought  clean  and  sweet  and  pure,  and  bless  us  all  for  time 
and  for  eternity,  with  but  a  modest  recompense  for  their  exact- 
ing labors  ;  barristers,  who,  seeing  the  truth,  are  glad,  though  it 
be  to  their  own  hindrance;  they  who  for  conscience  sake  take 
the  losing  side  in  public  affairs  ;  all  who  strive  to  indoctrinate 
the  world  with  better  things,  or  to  show  the  higher  spirit  in  our 
imperfect  nature,  are,  I  believe,  welcome  guests  on  this  occa- 
sion. 

The  spirit  which  sends  thousands  of  cultivated  men  and 
women  into  exile  in  heathen  lands  is  so  common  that  we  cease 
to  remark  upon  it.  It  is  a  matter  of  course.  There  is  scarcely 
a  family  which  has  not  some  one  of  its  members  engaged  in 
spreading  the  everlasting  gospel.  Yet  there  are  no  lives  of 
greater  Christian  beauty  or  more  heroic  self-sacrifice  than  are 
seen^in  missionary  homes.  Those  lives,  though  sometimes  for 
their  very  beauty  seeming  almost  misplaced  in  that  waste  — 
where  they  often  fade  away  briefly  and  silently  as  the  wild 
flower  fades  —  yet  are  felt  to  be  evangels  mightier  and  more 
eloquent  than  speech. 

And  now,  Mr.  Chairman,  I  beg  leave  to  introduce  a  com- 
pany of  which  we  have  heard  much  of  late. 

Lillie  B.  Chace  Wyman,  in  an  article  on  "  Blacklisting  at 
Fall  River,"  in  the  Atlantic  Monthly  for  November,  1888,  feels 
constrained  to  write  as  follows  : — 

"  It  is  not  unusual  to  hear  strikes  condemned  as  foolish 
efforts  resulting  simply  in  waste  of  money,  and  scorn  and  in- 
dignation are  expressed  at  the  stupidity  which  the  strikers  show 
in  thus  jeopardizing  their  bread  and  butter.  It  is  easy  to  see 
that  men  sometimes  strike  as  they  might  catch  the  measles,  or 
as  they  might  drink,  because  they  have  formed  the  habit. 
Still,  all  such  actions  cannot  be  relegated  to  this  category  of 
irresponsible  movement ;  for  though  some  strikes  may  be  unwise 
or  some  leaders  unprincipled,  the  average  workman  strikes  be- 

(54) 


cause  he  believes  that  by  so  doing  he  may  help  his  fellows,  and 
in  the  far  future  benefit  his  children.  There  is  an  element  of 
the  pathetic  and  the  heroic  in  the  most  foolish  strike  that  has 
ever  been  inaugurated.  There  is  an  element  of  loyalty  in  it  ; 
moreover,  there  is  the  deliberate  preference  of  a  future  and  an 
ideal  good  to  the  enjoyment  of  present  comfort.  It  was  this 
faith  which  sustained  the  old  English  spinner  when  for  months 
he  refused  to  sign  away  his  independence  to  get  his  name  off 
the  black-list." 

It  is  indeed  a  motley  company  which  congratulates  the 
Hartford  County  Medical  Society  to-day.  But  there  are  still 
others  who  are  entitled  to  an  introduction.  In  this  neighbor- 
hood it  is  scarcely  necessary  to  refer  to  those  women  at  North- 
ampton who  lived  simply  all  their  lives  with  a  great  purpose  in 
their  hearts,  and  whose  lasting  monument  is  the  woman's  college, 
which  has  done  and  is  doing  so  much  for  the  education  of  their 
sex,  and  which  has  inspired  so  many  like  movements.  Where 
there  are  so  many  beneficent  monuments  of  large-hearted,  aye, 
heroic  generosity  as  there  are  in  Hartford,  where  there  are  so 
many  notable  examples  of  men  and  women  in  whom  \\\v  power 
to  do  has  not  expelled  the  desire  to  do,  where  the  Retreat  and 
the  Hospital,  asylums  for  the  aged  and  the  orphan  and  for 
those  bereft  of  the  power  of  speech  and  hearing,  which,  with 
educational  institutions,  crown  every  hill  and  line  our  public 
thoroughfares,  we  note  the  evidence  of  the  same  spirit.  It  is 
pertinent  to  this  occasion  to  remark  that  the  majority  of  these 
institutions  regard  the  physical  well-being  of  their  inmates  ; 
and  thus  they  testify  to  the  great  influence  of  this  association  in 
the  community  during  the  hundred  years  past.  There  are  those 
whose  money  has  accrued  to  them  from  rendering  the  public 
service,  and  it  is  largely  used  and  given  intelligently  for  the 
public  benefit.  For  reasons  not  necessary  to  go  into,  I  have 
never  experienced  how  it  feels  to  give  $'-20,000,  $.">0,000, 
$100,000,  or  more  for  the  welfare  of  mankind  ;  but  I  cannot 
conceive  that  when  a  well-known  gentleman  of  New  York  gave 

(55) 


$500,000  to  a  medical  college  he  did  a  base  tiling.  Therefore 
I  ask  admission  also  for  the  conscientious  rich  man  ! 

The  difference  between  our  own  time  and  the  days  before 
us  is,  as  we  have  said,  the  steady  movement  of  the  many.  We 
advance  uniformly,  and  not  by  leaps.  The  element  of  move- 
ment is  now  widely  diffused,  instead  of  cropping  up  here  and 
there  in  individual  instances.  The  difference  between  the 
heroic  and  the  base  is,  we  repeat,  no  longer  marked  by  the 
commission  or  patent  of  nobility.  We  have  learned  that  the 
greatest  actions  may  be  performed  in  minor  struggles  and  in 
the  ordinary  avocations  of  life.  Everywhere,  as  a  profound 
observer  has  told  us,  "  there  are  obstinate  and  unknown  braves 
who  defend  themselves  inch  by  inch  in  the  shadows  against  the 
fatal  invasion  of  want  and  turpitude.  There  are  noble  and 
mysterious  triumphs  which  no  eye  sees,  no  renown  rewards, 
and  no  flourish  of  trumpets  salutes.  Life,  misfortune,  isola- 
tion, abandonment,  and  poverty  are  known  to  be  battle-fields 
which  have  their  heroes." 

Gentlemen,  I  have  ventured  to  speak  briefly  on  a  topic  of 
general  interest  in  connection  with  this  occasion.  The  inti- 
mate relation  of  your  profession  to  every  movement  for  better- 
ing mankind,  which  has  grown  out  of  the  life  and  actions  of 
Him  who  was  known  as  the  "Good  Physician,"  will  serve,  I 
trust,  as  my  apology.  It  is  in  His  spirit  that  all  noble  and 
enduring  work  is  done,  and  this  spirit  is  needed  everywhere. 

Not  only  is  the  spirit  needed  everywhere,  it  is  everywhere. 
It  resists  low  views  of  life,  of  politics,  of  business,  of  profes- 
sional obligation.  It  holds  that  life  is  not  a  mean  thing  ;  that 
one's  calling  is  not  a  mean  thing  ;  that  we  are  not  here  for  any 
mean  purpose,  but  rather  that,  seeing  clearly  and  acting  boldly 
and  intending  purely,  some  fragment  of  the  world  may  be  bet- 
tered, and  lasting  benefits  be  conferred  upon  mankind. 


(56) 


ARCHIBALD  WELCH. 


Dr.  Smith  was  followed  by  Henry  C.  Robinson,  LI..1)., 
of  Hartford,  representing  the  legal  profession,  whose  ad- 
dress was  upon 

MEDICINK    AND    LAW. 

An  association  which  was  horn  before  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury, and  which  is  certain  to  survive  it,  is  by  those  two  tacts 
an  object  of  honor  and  dignity.  To  have  lived  in  a  century, 
any  twenty  of  whose  years  have  been  worth  an  earlier  cycle, 
is  itself  an  experience  for  an  individual  man  or  for  an  associa- 
tion of  men. 

I  need  not  tell  a  body  of  scientific  men  that  nearly  all  the 
sciences  have,  as  it  were,  just  opened  their  eyes  for  the  first 
time  ;  nor  a  body  of  American  citizens  that  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury world  is  fast  coming  to  the  American  ideas  of  represent- 
ative constitutional  government  ;  nor  a  body  of  New  England 
men  that  in  general  intellectual  culture,  general  morality,  and 
general  health,  the  human  family  to-day  is  far  in  advance  of 
its  past  history.  Every  day  adds  something  to  human  wisdom 
and  human  achievement.  The  creature  of  the  soil,  which  yes- 
terday was  called  a  weed,  is  to-day  found  to  be  a  beautiful 
flower  or  a  valuable  addition  to  the  treasury  of  healing  agencies. 
Every  day  the  sky  reveals  a  ne\V  truth  to  the  telescope,  and  the 
lightning  submits  to  a  new  harness. 

And  along  with  the  really  great  things  which  make  a  daily 
surprise  in  our  morning  journals,  the  age  is  not  without  its 
novelties,  with  a  good  and  a  bad  and  a  humorous  side  ;  a  side 
to  encourage  the  humanitarian,  tickle  the  funny  man  and  the 
sensationalist,  make  the  cynic  grin,  and  sometimes  shock  the 
moralist.  Each  new  ocean  greyhound  jumps  a  little  farther 
than  its  older  companion,  and  some  new  Nancy  Hanks  beats 
an  old  Maud  S.  In  pleasant  weather,  as  often  as  a  Mussulman 
turns  to  Mecca  in  prayer,  a  world's  bicycle  record  is  broken, 
and  a  Boston  bruiser  delivers  his  belt  to  a  California!!  hero, 
before  eight  thousand  spectators  and  for  several  millions  of 
newspaper  readers.  A  dozen  of  kings  and  queens  at  Copen- 

(57) 


hagen  are  amused  and  surprised  to  see  Miss  Bently  lift  them 
up  as  if  they  were  corks,  while  they  have  no  power  to  lift  her  ; 
and  even  the  C/ar,  whose  muscular  arms  can  bend  together  the 
heels  of  an  iron  horseshoe,  finds  himself  unable  to  either  push, 
pull,  or  even  lift  this  girl,  so  slender  in  muscle,  so  powerful  in 
magnetism,  whatever  that  is. 

You  have  called  me  as  a  lawyer.  The  Hartford  County 
Bar,  as  an  organization,  is  elder  brother  to  the  Hartford  County 
Medical  Society  by  less  than  nine  years  ;  and  they  have  trav- 
eled the  ways  of  this  nineteenth  century  in  close  relations, 
grappled  many  kindred  problems,  and  cultivated  many  kindred 
principles. 

The  day  when  medical  jurisprudence  was  born  was  a  good 
day  for  the  race.  It  lightened  up  the  horizon.  It  brought  to 
the  court-room  learning  for  ignorance,  modesty  for  immodesty, 
sense  for  superstition.  One  of  the  first  achievements  of  forensic 
medicine  was  to  show  that  witchcraft  was  a  delusion  ;  and 
though  the  bold  Doctor  Weiher,  who  dared  to  make  the  asser- 
tion, escaped  the  flames  only  by  the  intervention  of  his  noble 
friend,  the  Duke  of  Cleves,  he  was  a  sure  prophet  of  the  com- 
ing day  of  intelligence  when  an  ancient  and  deep-rooted  delu- 
sion must  go  out,  and  the  criminal  law  be  purged  of  the  disgrace 
of  trials  for  witchcraft. 

The  Caroline  code  of  the  sixteenth  century,  with  its  many 
imperfections,  is  yet  a  thing  of  great  honor  to  its  author,  Em- 
peror Charles  V.  of  Germany. 

The  offices  of  medical  jurisprudence  are  changing.  While 
still  active  and  useful  in  public  trials  and  to  a  slight  degree  in 
divorce  proceedings,  its  larger  activities  are  now  found  in 
personal  controversies,  chiefly  in  matters  of  private  injury  and 
the  validity  of  wills.  Feigned  diseases,  which  were  once  con- 
cocted to  avoid  military  service,  are  now  common  in  actions  for 
damages  to  the  person.  A  railroad  spine  is  already  proverbial. 
And  few  wills  which  are  unpleasant  instruments  for  the  perusal 
of  expectant  heirs-at-lavv,  are  sustained  or  set  aside  without 
medical  assistance.  The  profession  has  always  been  useful-  in 

(58) 


questions  of  survivorship.  The  IJorden  case  present^  a  problem 
in  this  line  \vhich  involves,  as  is  said,  a  large  fortune.  A  man 
was  found  dead  beside  his  dead  \vife.  There  were  gashes  on  their 
persons,  perhaps  sufficient  to  cause  their  death  ;  although  the 
Roman  physiologist  Antisius,  who  examined  them,  said  that 
only  one  of  the  twenty-three  stabs  in  Cojsar's  body  was  mortal. 
The  wife  was  supposed  to  be  upstairs,  the  husband  downstairs. 
It  is  speculated  that  the  man's  dead  body  was  carried  upstairs. 
Which  died  first?  If  he,  then  a  share  of  his  estate  goes  to  one 
set  of  heirs  ;  if  she,  then  it  goes  in  another  direction.  Your 
science  is  now  seeking  to  work  out  the  problem. 

But  time  forbids  my  enlarging  upon  the  interesting  subject 
of  medical  jurisprudence,  excepting  to  add  that  this  branch  of 
your  employment  is  of  large  importance  to  yourselves  as  well  as 
to  the  public.  The  medical  witness's  paramount  devotion  to 
truth,  clearness  and  simplicity  of  statement,  and  dignity  and 
courtesy  of  manner,  may  reflect  great  honor  upon  himself  and 
his  calling. 

There  are  many  things  common  to  the  two  professions 
which  are  attractive  to  thought,  lioth  professions  are  laboring 
foi  the  health  and  culture  of  community.  Hoth  deal  with 
material  things  and  with  philosophies  too  ;  morals  go  with  health 
and  with  the  vindication  of  rights.  To  adore  the  body  is  idol- 
atry, to  despise  and  vilify  it  is  atheism  or  worship  of  false  gods, 
to  cultivate  and  develop  it  is  wise  and  reveient.  In  staying 
the  tide  of  pestilence,  the  health  authorities  are  doing  more 
than  to  ward  off  a  form  of  disease.  In  regaining  his  property 
for  its  owner,  the  lawyer  does  more  than  to  restore  a  thing  to 
its  own  place. 

A  common  charm  in -the  practice  of  the  two  professions 
is  that  noble  task  of  the  human  mind,  of  adjusting  the  princi- 
ples of  truth  to  the  facts  and  conditions  of  life.  The  young 
doctor  of  to-day  is  equipped  with  more  learning  than  a  score 
of  his  veteran  brethren  of  a  hundred  years  ago;  but  the  young 
man  has  yet  to  acquire  that  skill  in  applying  learning  which 

(59) 


never  comes  from  books,  rarely  from  intuition,  but  regularly 
from  experience. 

I  am  greatly  mistaken  if  the  practice  of  both  professions 
does  not  teach  a  lesson  in  the  breadth  of  philosophy.  By  our 
experiences  and  observations  we  learn  the  incompleteness  of 
our  own  methods,  the  partial  nature  of  our  own  systems.  We 
look  to  other  latitudes  and  longtitudes,  and  see  that  the  earth 
is  full  of  them  in  its  circumference  and  the  sky  in  its  dome. 
The  pettiness  of  bigotry  flies  before  the  practical  application  of 
thorough  scholarship  ;  and  the  wise  man,  though  his  convic- 
tions in  favor  of  his  own  party  and  school  are  strong,  learns  to 
respect  the  sincere  investigations  of  his  brother  student  of 
another  name  and  tradition.  If  he  is  really  wise,  he  learns  to 
accept  results  even  if  they  break  down  a  half-dozen  traditions. 
The  student  who  is  sincerely  reverent  to  truth  desires  first  of 
all  the  facts  ;  leaving  their  adjustment  to  theories,  be  they  his 
own  or  his  neighbor's,  to  hours  of  leisure. 

There  is  a  common  experience  to  both  professions  in  their 
opportunities  for  good  counsel  outside  of,  but  logically  inci- 
dental to,  purely  professional  work.  Not  that  a  physician  or  a 
lawyer  should  ever  indulge  in  the  manners  or  matters  of 
officiousness,  impertinence,  or  sanctimony  ;  but  his  lot  has  been 
an  exceptional  one  in  either  profession  who  has  not  had  many 
an  opportunity  in  the  way  of  true  brotherly  kindness,  and  with 
the  advantage  of  a  position  as  counselor,  to  restore  lost  affec- 
tions, encourage  good  resolutions,  and  promote  human  charac- 
ter, which  is  a  divine  work.  I  am  not  speaking  of  death-beds, 
where  good  character  may  be  made  but  seldom  is,  but  of  oppor- 
tunities in  the  activities  of  busy  life. 

And  I  delight  to  think  that  there  is  another  common  fact 
in  both  professions.  No  one  can  gain  the  highest  success  at 
the  bar  or  in  the  practice  of  medicine  who  is  not  himself  a  good 
man  —  true  to  truth,  sincere  in  thought  and  statement,  consid- 
erate of  others,  reverent  to  the  Supreme  Author  of  law. 

May  the  successors,  who  shall  meet  in  the  honored  name 
of  your  society  at  the  end  of  another  century,  look  back  with 

(60) 


the  same  reverence  and   forward   with   the   same   hopes   which 
are  yours  to-day. 


The  exercises  at  Unity  Hall  were  closed  with  the  fol- 
lowing address  by  Charles  Dudley  Warner,  of  Hartford. 

MR.   WARNER'S   ADDRKSS. 

In  the  mind  of  the  public  there  is  a  mystery  about  the 
practice  of  medicine.  It  deals  more  or  less  with  the  unknown. 
with  the  occult  ;  it  appeals  to  the  imagination.  Doubtless  con- 
fidence in  its  practitioners  is  still  somewhat  due  to  the  belief 
that  they  are  familiar  with  the  secret  processes  of  nature  if 
they  are  not  in  actual  alliance  with  the  supernatural.  Inves- 
tigation of  the  ground  of  the  popular  faith  in  the  doctor  would 
lead  us  into  metaphysics,  and  yet  one's  physical  condition 
has  much  to  do  with  this  faith.  It  is  apt  to  be  weak  when  one 
is  in  perfect  health  ;  but  when  one  is  sick  it  grows  strong. 
Saint  and  sinner  both  warm  up  to  the  doctor  when  the 
judgment  day  heaves  in  view. 

In  the  popular  apprehension  the  doctor  is  still  the  medi- 
cine man.  We  smile  when  we  hear  about  his  antics  in  barbar- 
ous tribes  ;  he  dresses  fantastically,  he  puts  horns  on  his  head, 
he  draws  circles  on  the  ground,  he  dances  about  the  patient, 
shaking  his  rattle  and  uttering  incantations.  There  is  nothing 
to  laugh  at.  He  is  making  an  appeal  to  the  imagination,  and 
sometimes  he  cures  and  sometimes  he  kills  ;  in  either  case  he 
gets  his  fee.  What  right  have  we  to  laugh  ?  We  live  in  an 
enlightened  age,  and  yet  a  great  proportion  of  the  people  —  per- 
haps not  a  majority  —  still  believe  in  incantations,  have  faith 
in  ignorant  practitioners  who  advertise  a  "natural  gift"  or 
a  secret  process  or  remedy,  and  prefer  the  charlatan,  who  is 
exactly  on  the  level  of  the  Indian  medicine  man,  to  the  regular 
practitioner,  and  to  the  scientific  student  of  mind  and  body  and 
of  the  properties  of  the  materia  medica. 

Why,  even  here  in  Connecticut  it  is  impossible  to  get  a  law 

(61) 


to  protect  the  community  from  the  imposition  of  knavish  or 
ignorant  quacks,  and  to  require  of  a  man  some  evidence  of 
capacity  and  training  and  skill,  before  he  is  let  loose  to  exper- 
iment upon  suffering  humanity.  Our  teachers  must  pass  an 
examination — -though  the  examiner  sometimes  does  not  know 
as  much  as  the  candidate  for  misguiding  the  youthful  mind  : 
the  lawyer  cannot  practice  without  study  and  a  formal  admis- 
sion to  the  bar  ;  and  even  the  clergyman  is  not  accepted  in  any 
respectable  charge  until  he  has  given  evidence  of  some  moral 
and  intellectual  fitness.  But  the  profession  affecting  directly 
the  health  and  life  of  every  soul,  which  needs  to  avail  itself  of 
the  accumulated  experiences,  knowledge,  and  science  of  all  the 
ages,  is  open  to  every  ignorant  and  stupid  practitioner  on  the 
credulity  of  the  public.  Why  cannot  we  get  a  law  regulating 
the  profession  which  is  of  most  vital  interest  to  all  of  us,  ex- 
cluding ignorance  and  quackery?  Because  the  majority  of  our 
legislators  —  representing,  I  suppose,  the  majority  of  the  people 
—  believe in  the  "natural  bone-setter,"  the  herb  doctor,  the  root 
doctor,  the  old  woman  who  brews  a  decoction  of  swamp  medi- 
cine, the  "natural  gift"  of  some  self-made  dabbler  in  disease, 
the  magnetic  healer,  the  faith  cure,  the  mind  cure,  the  Chris- 
tian Science  cure,  the  efficacy  of  a  prescription  rapped  out  on 
a  table  by  some  hysterical  medium  —  in  anything  but  sound 
knowledge,  education  in  scientific  methods,  steadied  by  a  sense 
of  public  responsibility. 

Not  long  ago,  on  a  cross-country  road,  I  came  across  a 
woman  in  a  farm-house,  where  I  am  sure  the  barnyard  drained 
into  the  well,  who  was  sick  ;  she  had  taken  a  shop-full  of  patent 
medicines.  I  advised  her  to  send  for  a  doctor.  She  had  no 
confidence  in  doctors,  but  said  that  she  reckoned  she  would 
get  along  now,  for  she  had  sent  for  the  seventh  son  of  a  seventh 
son,  and  didn't  I  think  he  could  certainly  cure  her  ?  I  said  that 
combination  ought  to  fetch  any  disease,  except  agnosticism. 
That  woman  probably  influenced  a  vote  in  the  Legislature. 
The  Legislature  believes  in  incantations  ;  it  ought  to  have  in 
attendance  an  Indian  medicine  man. 

(62) 


We  think  the  world  is  progressing  in  enlightenment.  1 
suppose  it  is  —  inch  by  inch.  But  it  is  not  easy  to  n;inie  an  age 
that  has  cherished  more  delusions  than  ours,  or  been  more 
superstitious,  or  more  credulous,  more  eager  to  run  after  quack- 
ery. Especially  is  this  true  in  regard  to  remedies  for  diseases, 
and  the  faith  in  quacks  and  healers  outside  of  the  regular  edu- 
cated professors  of  the  medical  art.  Is  this  an  exaggeration  ? 
Consider  the  quantity  of  proprietary  medicines  taken  in  this 
country,  some  of  them  harmless,  some  of  them  good  in  some 
cases,  some  of  them  injurious,  but  generally  taken  \vithout  advice 
and  in  absolute  ignorance  of  the  nature  of  the  disease  or  the 
specific  action  of  the  remedy.  The  drug-shops  are  full  of  them, 
especially  in  country  towns  ;  and  in  the  far  West,  and  on  the 
Pacific  Coast,  I  have  been  astonished  at  the  quantity  and  variety 
displayed.  They  are  found  in  almost  every  house  ;  the  country 
is  literally  dosed  to  death  with  these  manufactured  nostrums 
and  panaceas —  that  is,  the  most  popular  medicine  which  can  be 
used  for  the  greatest  number  of  internal  and  external  diseases 
and  injuries  ;  many  newspapers  are  half  supported  by  advertis- 
ing them,  and  millions  and  millions  of  dollars  are  invested  in 
this  popular  industry. 

Needless  to  say  that  the  patented  remedies  most  in  request 
are  those  that  profess  a  secret  and  unscientific  origin.  Those 
"purely  vegetable"  seem  most  suitable  to  the  wooden-heads 
who  believe  in  them  ;  but  if  one  were  sufficiently  advertised  as 
not  containing  a  single  trace  of  vegetable  matter,  avoiding  thus 
all  possible  conflict  of  one  organic  life  with  another  organic  life, 
it  would  be  just  as  popular.  The  favorites  are  those  that  have 
been  used  by  an  East  Indian  fakir,  or  accidentally  discovered 
as  the  national  remedy  dug  out  of  the  ground  by  an  American 
Indian  tribe,  or  steeped  in  a  kettle  by  an  ancient  colored  per- 
son in  a  Southern  plantation,  or  washed  ashore  on  the  person 
of  a  sailor  from  the  South  Seas,  or  invented  by  a  very  aged  man 
in  New  Jersey,  who  could  not  read,  but  had  spent  his  life  roam- 
ing in  the  woods,  and  whose  capacity  for  discovering  a  "  univer- 
sal panacea,"  besides  his  ignorance  and  isolation,  lay  in  the  fact 

(63) 


that  his  sands  of  life  had  nearly  run.  It  is  the  supposed  secrecy 
or  lo\v  origin  of  the  remedy  that  is  its  attraction.  The  basis  of 
the  vast  proprietary  medicine  business  is  popular  ignorance  and 
credulity,  and  it  needs  to  be  pretty  broad  to  support  a  traffic  of 
such  enormous  proportions. 

During  this  generation  certain  branches  of  the  life-saving 
and  life-prolonging  art  have  made  great  advances  out  of  empiri- 
cism onto  the  solid  ground  of  scientific  knowledge.  Of  course 
I  refer  to  surgery,  and  to  the  discovery  of  the  causes  and  im- 
provement in  the  treatment  of  contagious  and  epidemic  diseases. 
The  general  practice  has  shared  in  this  scientific  advance,  but 
it  is  limited  and  always  will  be  limited  within  experimental 
bounds,  by  the  infinite  variations  of  individual  constitutions, 
and  the  almost  incalculable  element  of  the  interference  of  men- 
tal with  physical  conditions.  When  we  get  an  exact  science 
of  man  we  may  expect  an  exact  science  of  medicine.  How  far 
we  are  from  this  we  see  when  we  attempt  to  make  criminal 
anthropology  the  basis  of  criminal  legislation. 

Man  is  so  complex  that  if  we  were  to  eliminate  one  of  his 
apparently  worst  qualities,  we  might  develop  others  still  worse 
or  throw  the  whole  machine  into  inefficiency.  By  taking  away 
what  the  phrenologists  call  combativeness,  we  could  doubtless 
stop  prize-fights,  but  we  might  have  a  springless  society.  The 
only  safe  way  is  that  taught  by  horticulture,  to  feed  a  fruit  tree 
generously,  so  that  it  has  vigor  enough  to  throw  off  its  degen- 
erate tendencies  and  its  enemies,  or,  as  the  doctors  say  in  med- 
ical practice,  bring  up  the  general  system.  That  is  to  say,  there 
is  more  hope  for  humanity  in  stimulating  the  good  than  in 
directly  suppressing  the  evil.  It  is  on  something  like  this  line 
that  the  greatest  advance  has  been  made  in  medical  practice  ;  I 
mean  in  the  direction  of  prevention.  This  involves,  of  course, 
the  exclusion  of  the  evil ;  that  is,  of  suppressing  the  causes  that 
produce  disease,  as  well  as  in  cultivating  the  resistant  power  of 
the  human  system.  In  sanitation,  diet,  and  exercise  are  the 
great  fields  of  medical  enterprise  and  advance. 

I  need  not  say  that  the  physician  who  in  the  care  of  those 

(64) 


under  his  charge  or  who  may  possibly  require  his  aid,  contents 
himself  with  waiting  for  developed  diseases,  is  like  the  soldier 
in  a  besieged  city  who  opened  the  gates  and  then  attempted 
to  repel  the  invaders  who  had  effected  a  lodgment.  1  hope 
the  time  will  come  when  the  chief  practice  of  the  physician 
will  be,  first  an  oversight  of  the  sanitary  condition  of  his  neigh- 
borhood, and  next  in  preventive  attendance  on  people  who 
think  they  are  well,  and  are  all  unconscious  of  the  insidious 
approach  of  some  concealed  malady. 

Another  great  change  in  modern  practice  is  speciali/ation. 
Perhaps  it  has  not  yet  reached  the  delicate  particularity  of  the 
practices  in  ancient  Egypt,  where  every  minute  part  of  the 
human  economy  had  its  exclusive  doctor.  This  is  inevitable 
in  a  scientific  age,  and  the  result  has  been  on  the  whole  an 
advance  of  knowledge,  and  improved  treatment  of  specific  ail- 
ments. The  danger  is  apparent.  It  is  that  of  the  moral  spe- 
cialist, who  has  only  one  hobby  and  traces  every  human  ill  to 
strong  liquor,  or  tobacco,  or  the  corset,  or  taxation  of  personal 
property,  or  denial  of  universal  suffrage,  or  the  eating  of  meat, 
or  the  want  of  the  centralization  of  nearly  all  initiative  interests 
and  property  in  the  state. 

The  tendency  of  the  accomplished  specialist  in  medicine  is 
to  refer  all  physical  trouble  to  the  ill  conduct  of  the  organ  he 
presides  over.  He  can  often  trace  every  disease  to  want  of 
width  in  the  nostrils,  to  a  defective  eye,  to  a  sensitive  throat, 
to  shut-up  pores,  to  an  irritated  stomach,  to  an  auricular  defect. 
I  suppose  he  is  generally  right,  but  I  have  a  perhaps  natural 
fear  that  if  I  happened  to  consult  an  amputationist  about 
catarrh  he  would  want  to  cut  my  leg  off.  I  confess  to  an 
affection  for  the  old-fashioned,  all-round  country  doctor,  who 
took  a.  general  view  of  his  patient,  knew  his  family,  his  constitu- 
tion, all  the  gossip  about  his  mental  or  business  troubles,  his  or 
her  affairs  of  the  heart,  disappointments  in  love,  incompatibili- 
ties of  temper,  and  treated  the  patient,  as  the  phrase  is,  for  all 
he  was  worth,  and  gave  him  visible  medicine  out  of  his  good 
old  saddle-bags  —  how  much  faith  we  used  to  have  in  those 

(65) 


saddle-bags  —  and  not  a  prescription  in  a  dead  language  to  be 
put  up  by  a  dead-head  clerk,  who  occasionally  mistakes  arsenic 
for  carbonate  of  soda. 

I  do  not  mean,  however,  to  say  there  is  no  sense  in  the 
retention  of  the  hieroglyphics  which  the  doctors  use  to  com- 
municate their  ideas  to  a  druggist  ;  for  I  had  a  prescription 
made  in  Hartford  put  up  in  Naples,  and  that  could  not  have 
happened  if  it  had  been  written  in  English.  And  I  am  not  sure 
but  the  mysterious  symbols  have  some  effect  on  the  patient. 

The  mention  of  the  intimate  knowledge  of  family  and  con- 
stitutional conditions  possessed  by  the  old-fashioned  country 
doctor,  whose  main  strength  was  in  this  and  in  his  common- 
sense,  reminds  us  of  another  great  advance  in  the  modern 
practice,  in  the  attempt  to  understand  human  nature  better  by 
the  scientific  study  of  psychology  and  the  occult  relations  of 
mind  and  body.  It  is  in  the  study  of  temper,  temperament, 
hereditary  predisposition  that  we  may  expect  the  most  brilliant 
results  in  preventive  medicine. 

As  a  layman,  I  cannot  but  notice  another  great  advance  in 
the  medical  profession.  It  is  not  alone  in  it.  It  is  rather  ex- 
pected that  the  lawyers  will  divide  the  oyster  between  them  and 
leave  the  shell  to  the  contestants.  I  suppose  that  doctors, 
almost  without  exception,  give  more  of  their  time  and  skill  in 
the  way  of  charity  than  almost  any  other  profession.  But 
somebody  must  pay,  and  fees  generally  have  increased  with 
the  general  cost  of  living,  and  dying.  If  fees  continue  to 
increase  as  they  have  done  in  the  past  ten  years  in  the  great 
cities,  like  New  York,  nobody,  not  a  millionaire,  can  afford  to 
be  sick.  The  fee  will  soon  be  a  prohibitive  tax.  I  cannot  say 
that  this  will  be  altogether  an  evil,  for  the  cost  of  calling  in 
medical  aid  may  force  people  to  take  better  care  of  themselves. 
Still,  the  excessive  charges  are  rather  hard  on  people  in  moder- 
ate circumstances  who  are  compelled  to  seek  -surgical  aid. 

And  here  we  touch  one  of  the  regrettable  symptoms  of  the 
time,  which  is  not  by  any  means  most  conspicuous  in  the 
medical  profession.  I  mean  the  tendency  to  subordinate  the 

(66) 


old  notions  of  professional  duty  to  the  greed  for  money.  The 
lawyers  are  almost  universally  accused  of  it  ;  even  the  clergy- 
men are  often  suspected  of  being  influenced  by  it.  The  \oung 
man  is  apt  to  choose  a  profession  on  calculation  of  its  profits. 
It  will  be  a  bad  day  for  science  and  for  the  progress  of  the  use- 
fulness of  the  medical  profession,  when  the  love  of  money  in 
its  practice  becomes  stronger  than  professional  enthusiasm,  than 
the  noble  ambition  of  distinction  for  advancing  the  science,  and 
than  devotion  to  human  welfare. 

I  do  not  prophesy  it.  Rather  I  expect  interest  in  human- 
ity, love  of  science  for  itself,  sympathy  with  suffering,  self- 
sacrifice  for  others,  to  increase  in  the  world,  and  be  stronger 
in  the  end  than  sordid  love  of  gain  and  the  low  ambition  of 
rivalry  in  materialistic  display.  To  this  higher  life  the  physi- 
cian is  called.  I  often  wonder  that  there  are  so  many  men, 
brilliant  able  men,  with  so  many  talents  for  success  in  any  call- 
ing, willing  to  devote  their  lives  to  a  profession  which  demands 
so  much  self-sacrifice,  so  much  hardship,  so  much  contact  with 
suffering,  subject  to  the  call  of  all  the  world  at  any  hour  of 
the  day  or  night,  involving  so  much  personal  risk,  carrying  so 
much  heart-breaking  responsibility,  responded  to  by  so  much 
constant  heroism,  a  heroism  requiring  the  risk  of  life  in  a  ser- 
vice the  only  glory  of  which  is  a  good  name  and  the  approval 
of  one's  conscience. 

To  the  members  of  such  a  profession,  in  spite  of  their 
human  infirmities  and  limitations,  and  unworthy  hangers-on, 
I  bow  with  admiration  and  the  respect  which  we  feel  for  that 
which  is  best  in  this  world. 


Upon  the  conclusion  of  Mr.  Warner's  address,  the 
society  adjourned  till  half-past  two  to  meet  at  the  Allyn 
House  for  the  centennial  banquet. 


(67) 


ABOUT  one  hundred  Members  and  guests  of  the  associa- 
tion sat  down  in  the  spacious  dining-room  of  the  Allyn 
House,  which  was  handsomely  decorated,  the  portraits 
of  many  of  the  illustrious  past  members  of  the  profession  grac- 
ing and  adding  interest  to  the  occasion.  Upon  a  platform  at 
the  south  end  of  the  hall,  especially  for  guests  and  speakers,  sat 
the  President  and  Toastmaster  Dr.  W.  A.  M.  Waimvright,  and 
Senator  General  Jos.  R.  Hawley  ;  Drs.  Cyrus  B.  Newton,  Presi- 
dent, and  N.  E.  Wordin,  Secretary,  of  the  Connecticut  Medical 
Society  ;  Charles  Dudley  Warner,  Mayor  William  Waldo  Hyde, 
President  George  Williamson  Smith  of  Trinity  College,  Judge 
Nathaniel  Shipman,  Rev.  Dr.  E.  P.  Parker,  Hon.  A.  E.  Burr, 
John  Addison  Porter,  Drs.  Samuel  1).  Gilbert,  John  H.  Gran- 
nis,  and  Prof.  Herman  J.  Boldt  of  New  York.  Invited  guests 
present  were  Rev.  F.  Stanley  Root  ;  Charles  A.  Rapelye  and 
Charles  H.  Bell,  pharmacists,  Drs.  F.  E.  Guild  of  Windham 
County,  S.  G.  Risley,  A.  R.  Goodrich,  F.  W.  Walsh,  and  E.  K. 
Leonard  of  Tolland  County,  Max  Mailhouse  and  F.  W.  Wright 
of  New  Haven  County,  M.  C.  Ha/.en,  Frederick  S.  Smith,  and 
A.  J.  Campbell  of  Middlesex  County,  J.  N.  Quimby  of  New 
Jersey  and  D.  F.  Donoghue  of  Massachusetts,  Mr.  Joel  Samuels 
and  Dr.  E.  R.  Baldwin  of  Hartford,  and  the  members  of  the 
society. 


Rev.  George  Williamson  Smith  was  invited  to  say 
grace,  after  which  the  following  Menu  was  presented  for 
digestion. 


(68) 


CENTENNIAL     BANQUET 

Al.LVN     HoUSK 
HARTFORD,    CONNKCTICTT 

Monday,  Sept.  ••H't 


"All  human  history  attests 

That  happiness  for  man,  —  the  hungry  sinner!  — 
Since  Eve  ate  apples,  much  depends  on  dinner." 

B\ron. 


IVL 

N  Blue  Points 

u 

Cream  of  Capon 
Boiled  Salmon 


Sirloin  of  Beef  Saddle  of  Venison  Spring  Duck 


Roman  Punch 


Philadelphia  Squab      Sweetbread  Patties      Chicken  Salad 


English  Plum  Pudding 
Assorted  Cakes  Champagne  Jelly 


Neapolitan  Cream 
Coffee  Fruits  Cigars 


"  Serenely  full,  the  epicure  would  say, 
Fate  cannot  harm  me,  —  I  have  dined  to-day." 

Sydney  Smith. 


(70) 


Medical  Education  in  if  8 4. 

"  He  ground  the  powders,  mixed  the  pills,  rode  with 
the  doctor  on  his  rounds,  held  the  basin  when  the 
patient  was  bled,  helped  to  adjust  plasters,  to  sew 
wounds,  and  ran  with  vials  of  medicine  from  one  end 
of  the  town  to  the  other.  In  the  moments  snatched 
from  duties  such  as  these  he  swept  the  office,  cleaned 
the  bottles  and  jars,  tended  the  night  bell,  and  when 
a  feast  was  given,  stood  in  the  hall  to  announce  the 
guests."  Me  Master's  History,  I'ol.  I.,  p.  2f . 


(71) 


"Discourse,  the  sweeter  banquet  of  the  mind." 

Pope. 

TOASTS. 

"  These  are  begot  in  the  ventricle  of  memory, 
nourished  in  the  womb  of  pia  mater,  and  delivered 
upon  the  mellowing  of  occasion." 

Shakespeare. 


OUR  COUNTRY. 

"  Such  is  the  patriot's  boast,  where'er  we  roam  : 
His  first,  best  country  ever  is  at  home." 

Goldsmith. 
GENERA!,   JOSEPH  R.  HAWLEY. 


OUR  STATE. 

"There  was  a  state  without  king  or  nobles  ;  there 
was  a  church  without  a  bishop  ;  there  was  a  people 
governed  by  grave  magistrates  which  it  had  selected, 
and  by  equal  laws  which  it  had  framed." 

Rufus  CJioate. 
GOVERNOR  MORGAN  G.  BULKELEY. 


OUR  CITY. 

"  As  one  who  long  in  populous  city  pent, 
Where  houses  thick  and  sewers  annoy  the  air." 

Milton. 
MAYOR  W.  W.  HYDE. 


(72) 


"  I  hold  every  man  a  debtor  to  his  profession  ; 
from  the  which  as  men  of  course  do  seek  to  receive 
countenance  and  profit,  so  ought  they  of  duty  to  en- 
deavor themselves  by  way  of  amends  to  be  a  help 
and  ornament  thereunto." 

Bacon 


(73) 


THE  HARTFORD  COUNTY  MEDICAL  ASSO- 
CIATION AND  THE  MEDICAL  PROFES- 
SION. 

"The  labor  we  delight  in  physics  pain." 

Shakespeare. 
A.   \\.    BARROWS,   M.  I). 


"  A  merry  heart  doeth  good  like  a  medicine." 

Proverbs,  xvii:  22. 
R.  W.  GRISWOLD,   M.  D. 

"  Take  physic,  pomp  ; 
Expose  thyself  to  feel  what  wretches  feel." 

Shakespeare. 
E.  E.   LYON,   M.  D. 

"There    are    some    who  bear  a   grudge,  even  to 
those  that  do  them  good."  Pilpay. 

E.   F.   PARSONS,  M.  D. 

"  Therefore  he  lo.ved  gold  in  special ; 
For  gold  in  physic  is  a  cordial." 

Chaucer. 
}.  K.  MASON,  M.  D. 


(74) 


"There  is  a  wisdom  in  this  beyond  the  rules  ol 
physic.  A  man's  observation,  what  he  finds  t^ood  ot 
and  what  he  finds  hurt  of,  is  the  best  physic  to  pre- 
serve health."  Bacon. 


(75) 


THE  CHURCH. 

''How  charming  is  divine  philosophy! 
Not  harsh  and  crabbed,  as  dull  fools  suppose, 
But  musical  as  is  Apollo's  lute, 
And  a  perpetual  feast  of  nectar'd   sweets 
Where  no  crude  surfeit  reigns."  Milton. 

REV.   E.   P.   PARKER,   D.I). 


THE  LAW. 

"  There  was  once,  in  a  remote  part  of  the  East, 
a  man  who  was  altogether  void  of  knowledge  and  ex- 
perience, yet  presumed  to  call  himself  a  physician." 

Pilpay. 

HON.  NATHANIEL  SHIPMAN. 


LITERATURE. 

"  Honor  to  the  men  who  bring  honor  to  us, — 
glory  to  the  country,  dignity  to  character,  release 
from  vacuity,  wings  to  thought,  knowledge  of  things, 
precision  to  principles,  sweetness  to  feeling,  happiness 
to  the  fireside, — authors."  Bovee. 

RICHARD  BURTON. 


THE  PRESS. 

"  Freedom  of  religion  ;  freedom  of  the  press  ; 
freedom  of  person  under  protection  of  the  habeas 
corpus  ;  and  trial  by  juries  impartially  selected, — these 
principles  form  the  bright  constellation  which  has 
gone  before  us,  and  guided  our  steps  through  an  age 
of  revolution  and  reformation." 

Thomas  Jefferson. 

HON.  A.  E.  BURR. 
(76) 


True    friendship's    laws    are    by    this    rule    ex- 

prest : 
Welcome  the  coming,  speed  the  parting  guest." 

Pope. 


(77) 


After  the  cloth  was  removed,  the  postprandial 
exercises  were  opened  by  the  toastmaster,  Dr.  Wainwright, 
in  the  following  words:  — 

It  is  a  very  pleasant  task  to  welcome  you  to  this  centennial 
celebration,  and  to  congratulate  you  upon  your  good  fortune  in 
being  here.  As  this  is  your  only  chance  at  one  of  these  occa- 
sions, I  advise  you  to  make  the  most  of  it.  It  is  also  very 
pleasant  to  welcome,  in  your  behalf,  your  guests,  who  have 
shown  by  their  presence  and  their  masticatory  actions  here  that 
their  regard  for  the  doctors  is  not  confined  entirely  to  taking 
their  pills  or  wearing  their  plasters.  The  Church,  the  Bar,  the 
Pen,  the  Press,  have  all  come  to  wish  us  "  God  speed  "  on  the 
journey  upon  which  we  have  just  set  out.  What  more  in  the 
way  of  a  ban  voyage  could  we  ask  ?  The  apothecary  is  here  to 
show  his  appreciation  for  past  prescriptions  received,  and  to 
express  the  hope  that  the  tablet  triturate  and  the  disometric 
granule  will  not,  in  the  years  to  come,  drive  his  pestle  and 
mortar  entirely  out  of  business. 

I  wish,  right  here,  to  confess  to  a  seeming  oversight,  and 
so  "nip  in  the  bud"  the  looked-for  witticism  of  some  of  our 
facetious  friends.  We  have  not  invited  the  undertaker,  although 
a  most  useful  and  necessary  member  of  society,  and  perhaps, 
as  it  is  often  said,  at  times  of  very  material  service  to  the  doc- 
tor (for  sometimes  "scalpel  and  spade  followed  each  other 
fast")  ;  still,  out  of  deference  to  the  feelings  of  our  patients, 
we  could  hardly  invite  him  in  to  wish  us  "good  luck." 
"  But  he  has  his  place 

In  Life's  long  race. 

From  first  to  latest  breath. 

You'll  find  at  last, 

Run  slow  or  fast, 

He's  sure  to  be  in  at  the  death." 

(78) 


ToDD. 


And  so  I  bid  you  welcome,  and  with  good  feeling>,  good 
friends,  and  good  digestions,  I  see  no  good  reason  why  we 
should  not  give  ourselves  up  to  the  enjoyment  of  the  hour,  and 
say  with  old  |ohn  Heywood  :  — 

"  I. ft  the  world  slide,  let  the  world   go. 
A  tig  for  care  and  a  tig  for  woe." 

So  let  us, 

"  Ring  out  the  old,  ring  in  the  new, 
Ring  out  the  false,  ring  in  the  true." 

He  then  read  the  following  letter  of  regret  from  Governor 
Morgan  G.  Bulkeley,  who  was  unable  to  be  present,  and  called 
upon  Senator  Joseph  R.  Hawley  to  answer  to  the  combined 
toasts,  "Our  Country"  and  "Our  State." 

STATE  OF  CONNECTICUT,  } 
EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT.  [• 
HARTFORD,  Sept.  26,  1892.  ) 

W.  A.  M.  Wainwright,  M.  D. 

MY  DEAR  SIR: — I  exceedingly  regret  that  at  this  late  hour  I  am  com- 
pelled by  an  imperative  personal  engagement  to  absent  myself  from  the  fes- 
tivities of  the  afternoon  and  the  centennial  of  your  society.  I  should  doubly 
regret  to  disappoint  you  in  my  failure  to  respond  to  the  Toast  to  "Our  State," 
which  you  kindly  assigned  me,  were  it  not  for  the  knowledge  that  you  will 
be  surrounded  with  talent  much  better  fitted  to  occupy  the  limited  time- 
allowed  to  speech-making.  With  my  sincere  wishes  for  the  continued  ad- 
vancement of  the  work  of  your  society, 

I  remain,  respectfully,          M.  (I.  I!UI.KEI,EY. 

General  Hawley  congratulated  the  association  on  its  noble 
history,  which  covers  some  of  the  most  important  periods  of 
the  country's  history,  colonial  and  national.  The  subject 
assigned  him,  Senator  Hawley  said,  was  so  vast  that  he  hardly 
knew  what  points  to  touch  upon.  The  greatness  of  the  United 
States  in  government  and  institutions  received  eloquent  praise, 
the  statutes  governing  the  country  being  characterized  as  the 
finest  and  most  nearly  perfect  body  of  law  in  the  world.  Some 
time  ago  Secretary  Foster  told  Senator  Hawley  that  the  govern- 
ment had  not  lost  a  dollar  of  all  the  vast  amounts  collected 

(79) 


and  handled  during  its  history.  This  is  the  most  positive  testi- 
mony of  the  honesty  with  which  the  government  is  adminis- 
tered. No  higher  testimony  to  the  wonderful  advantages  to  be 
found  in  this  best  of  countries  is  there  than  the  multitude  of 
people  other  nations  furnish  who  are  coming  in  armies  to  our 
shores  so  fast  that  the  government  is  being  asked  to  stop  their 
influx. 

Speaking  of  the  toast  "Our  State,"  Senator  Hawley  said 
that  no  government  in  the  world  has  remained  so  steady  and 
unmoved  for  so  long  a  period  as  that  of  Connecticut.  There  is 
not  a  field  of  human  activity  in  which  Connecticut  does  not 
occupy  an  honored  position,  whether  it  be  in  divinity,  law, 
medicine,  or  any  other  calling  ;  while  Connecticut  people  are 
year  by  year  taking  out  more  patents  in  the  office  at  Washing- 
ton than  those  of  any  other  State,  in  proportion  to  her  size. 

Dr.  Wainwright  called  upon  Dr.  A.  W.  Barrows,  as  one 
of  the  oldest  members  of  the  association,  in  the  city  at  least, 
to  lead  the  responses  for  the  toast, 

"  THE  ASSOCIATION." 
Dr.  Barrows  spoke  as  follows:  — 

MR.  PRESIDENT  AND  GENTLEMEN:  —  I  esteem  it  both  a 
pleasure  and  an  honor  to  be  asked,  through  your  courtesy,  to 
represent  in  part  this  association  here,  which  to-day  completes 
its  history  of  a  hundred  years.  I  only  wish  myself  better  able 
to  do  justice  to  the  society  and  the  occasion. 

A  century  compared  with  the  lifetime  of  an  individual 
seems  long,  but  when  compared  with  the  existence  of  an  asso- 
ciation not  limited  by  time  it  does  not  seem  so  great ;  yet  if 
we  trace  the  record  of  an  organization  for  a  hundred  years,  and 
consider  what  it  has  accomplished  or  failed  to  accomplish  dur- 
ing that  period,  we  shall  find  that  it  occupies  no  inconsiderable 
space  in  the  annals  of  history.  And  so  if  we  were  to  trace 
the  history  of  this  association,  take  note  of  its  work,  what  it  has 
done  for  the  promotion  of  medical  science,  the  interests  of  the 

(80) 


profession,  and  the  welfare  of  suffering  humanity  during  tin- 
past  century,  we  might  reasonably  conclude  that  it  is  justly 
entitled  to  all  the  encomium  that  its  commemoration  and  cele- 
bration here  implies,  and  with  pride  congratulate  ourselves  on 
our  membership  of  such  a  society.  Having  been  connected 
with  it  for  more  than  fifty  years,  acquainted  with  its  members, 
attended  its  meetings,  and  been  familiar  with  its  proceedings,  I 
think  I  may  speak  with  a  good  degree  of  assurance  of  its 
merits.  With  its  growth  in  membership  1  have  observed  its 
advancement  in  scientific  and  professional  attainments  ;  and 
while  reasonably  conservative,  it  has  kept  pace  with  the  discov- 
eries, improvements,  and  progressive  spirit  of  the  times.  But 
my  limits  will  not  allow  of  my  enlarging  on  these  points  ;  indeed 
it  is  wholly  unnecessary,  as  they  have  already  been  brought  to 
your  notice  so  fully  by  others  who  have  addressed  you  hen- 
to-day.  However,  I  may  be  indulged  in  briefly  referring  to  a 
few  reminiscences  relating  to  the  society  as  I  knew  it  fifty  years 
ago.  Its  meetings  were  then  held  annually  at  the  natural- 
history  rooms  in  the  Athenaeum  building,  on  Main  Street,  Hart- 
ford. Among  those  who  were  usually  present  and  took  a 
prominent  part  in  the  proceedings  might  be  mentioned  1  )rs. 
Silas  Fuller,  George  Sumner,  Dodge,  Brigham,  S.  B.  Beresford, 
Henry  Holmes,  H.  A.  Grant,  George  Hawley,  E.  K.  Hunt,  of 
Hartford;  Pearson  of  Windsor;  Brownell  of  East  Hartford; 
Archibald  Welch  of  Wethersfield  ;  Carrington  of  Farmington  ; 
Holt  of  Glastonbury  ;  and  others  whose  names  I  do  not  now 
recall,  all  of  whom  have  long  since  passed  from  us,  but  whose 
memories  and  deeds  we  fondly  cherish.  A  very  few  (four) 
who  took  part  in  these  meetings  still  remain.  Their  names 
have  already  been  mentioned  by  the  secretary. 

The  exercises  at  these  meetings  consisted  mainly,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  transaction  of  ordinary  routine  business,  in  the  rela- 
tion and  discussion  of  important  cases  as  derived  from  personal 
observation  and  experience,  and  an  essay  on  some  medical 
topic  by  some  one  previously  appointed  for  that  purpose.  The 
members  present  not  being  large,  opportunity  was  thus  afforded 

(81) 


for  each  one  to  participate  in  the  discussions,  which  were 
sometimes  quite  spirited  and  always  instructive.  The  medical 
literature  of  those  days,  as  compared  with  that  of  the  present 
time,  was  indeed  meager.  Text-books  were  few,  libraries 
small,  periodicals  limited.  The  various  appliances  now  con- 
sidered so  necessary  in  the  investigation  and  diagnosis  of 
disease  were  mostly  unknown.  Medical  chemistry  was  in  its 
infancy.  The  stethoscope,  microscope,  and  speculum  were 
used  to  some  extent;  but  the  use  of  the  laryngoscope,  the  tem- 
perature thermometer,  anaesthetics,  etc.,  are  of  later  date.  But 
the  practitioners  of  half  a  century  ago  understood  how  to  use 
to  advantage  the  means  they  had  at  hand.  They  were  men  of 
thought  and  close  observation,  investigating  and  discriminating 
their  cases  with  care  and  skill.  The  widely  divergent  views 
held  and  practiced  by  some  of  their  predecessors  had  given 
place  to  more  conservative  and  rational  methods.  The  lancet 
was  used  less  frequently,  stimulants  more  sparingly.  If  in 
theory  there  still  existed  some  difference  in  views,  in  practice 
there  was  little  discrepancy.  Blood-letting  was  not  infrequently 
resorted  to.  Antimony  and  other  antiphlogistics  were  prescribed 
without  fear,  and  stimulants  administered  unhesitatingly  when 
indicated.  While  very  much  has  been  learned  regarding  the 
causes  and  nature  of  diseases,  many  new  and  valuable  remedies 
introduced,  great  improvements  made  in  treatment  in  every  de- 
partment of  medicine  and  surgery,  still  I  think  that  the  results 
of  treatment  as  practiced  fifty  years  ago,  in  certain  forms  of 
acute  inflammatory  affections,  would  compare  favorably  with 
those  of  more  recent  days. 

Mr.  President,  I  wish  in  a  word  to  refer  to  the  harmony, 
good-fellowship,  and  fraternal  interest  which  has  characterized 
this  association,  to  bear  testimony  to  the  comparative  freedom 
from  unhealthy  competition  and  professional  jealousy  which 
has  so  constantly  existed  among  its  members,  and  to  the  read- 
iness with  which  one  has  come  to  another's  assistance  in  cases 
of  emergencies,  and  the  willingness  to  assume  and  share 

(82) 


responsibilities  under  trying  circumstances.      If   ja 
occurred,  they  have  been  few  and  small. 

And  no\v,  my  brethren,  in  view  of  the  happy  closing  of  the 
old  and  the  auspicious  opening  of  the  new  century,  shall  we  not 
continue  our  work  with  greatly  increased  courage  and  /eal. 
placing  our  aim  still  higher  and  so  preparing  ourselves  for 
greater  usefulness?  I  feel  sure  that  I  express  the  sentiment 
and  heartfelt  gratitude  of  each  one  of  you,  when  I  say  that 
we  warmly  appreciate  the  very  kind,  sympathetic',  and  friendly 
words  which  have  come  to  us  from  our  guests  of  other  pro- 
fessions who  have  addressed  us  to-day.  I  hope  that  these 
expressions  of  confidence  in  our  skill  and  sympathy  in  our 
work  will  prove  an  added  stimulus  to  urge  us  on  in  our 
endeavors,  and  cheer  us  amid  the  cares  and  responsibilities 
which  attend  us. 

Mr.  President,  permit  me  to  express  the  strong  desire  and 
confident  hope  that  the  usefulness  of  this  association  shall  never 
be  less  ;  and  that  as  the  future  years  and  generations  shall 
come  and  go,  and  another  century  shall  have  completed  its 
rounds,  this  society  shall  remain  intact,  greatly  increased  in 
numbers  and  efficiency,  and  that  the  same  harmony,  good-fel- 
lowship, and  fraternal  interest  shall  ever  prevail  which  has 
characterized  the  past. 


Dr.  R.  W.  Griswold,  of  Rocky  Hill,  spoke  for  the 
association  as  follows:  — 

MR.  PRESIDENT  AND  FELLOW-MEMBERS  :  —  When  I  was 
at  first  asked  to  make  a  brief  after-dinner  address  at  our  cele- 
bration, the  text  given  was,  The  Hartford  County  Medical 
Association  and  Medicine.  Wisely,  as  would  seem,  the  latter 
part  of  this  has  been  dropped  out  of  our  program.  Much  talk 
about  medicine  in  our  day,  either  as  a  calling  we  practice  or 
as  related  to  drugs,  would  lead  us  at  once  down  into  that 
under-world  where  the  bacteriologists  are  exploring  and  ex- 

(83) 


perimenting,  and  bring  us  into  contact  with  the  pneumococcus 
and  the  typhococcus,  and  all  the  other  little  coccuses  (or 
cocci)  that  betimes  afflict  us  ;  but  we  do  not  want  them  at  our 
table  to-night  for  consideration  and  digestion,  so  we  will  leave 
medicine  aside. 

The  Hartford  County  Medical  Association:  Why  should 
I  be  asked  to  say  something  to  and  about  it  ?  Perhaps  it  may 
have  been  thought  that  I  have  been  long  enough  a  member  of 
the  body  to  be  under  some  obligation  in  that  direction  ;  but 
there  is  a  better  reason.  1  am  a  grandson  of  one  of  the  origi- 
nal members  of  the  society.  Among  the  list  of  names  of  those 
who  organized  the  body  is  that  of  Dr.  George  Griswold,  who 
began  practice  in  Oxford  parish  of  East  Hartford,  about  the 
close  of  the  revolutionary  war,  and  of  whom  I  am  a  lineal  de- 
scendant. Doubtless  he  was  one  of  the  accoucheurs  on  that 
interesting  occasion;  and  it  may  be  befitting  that  a  grandson 
of  his  should  take  part  in  this.  What  can  I  say  about  the 
society  that  has  not  already  been  better  said  ?  You  have  had 
its  history  as  well  as  may  be  on  an  occasion  like  this.  A  bet- 
ter—  the  best  —  history  of  the  body  would  be  the  biographies 
of  all  its  members  ;  but  this  is  a  task  not  set  for  us  to-night. 
Of  our  society  this  may  be  said:  it  has  been  a  progressive  body. 
When  new  discoveries  in  medicine  have  been  brought  forward, 
our  association  has  not  lain  back  in  the  breeching  to  prevent 
advance  ;  it  has  kept  at  the  front  and  in  accord  with  the  prog- 
ress of  the  times.  But  also  it  has  been  a  conservative  body, 
for  progress  and  conservatism  are  not  necessarily  antagonistic  ; 
they  may  run  current  writh  each  other,  and  so  produce  the  bet- 
ter results.  Also,  it  may  be  said,  the  Hartford  County  Medical 
Association  is  and  always  has  been  a  body  of  gentlemen. 
Doubtless  the  brethren  of  the  legal  profession  now  and  again 
find  a  disreputable  shyster  in  their  ranks,  and  it  may  be  possi- 
ble that  occasionally  there  is  such  an  one  in  the  ministerial 
profession  ;  and  so  there  may  have  been  among  the  doctors. 
But  if  we  could  uncover  the  lives  of  the  physicians  of  Hartford 
County  for  the  hundred  years  last  past,  it  would  be  found  that 

(84) 


those  of  them  who  have  been  discreditable  111  carnage  and 
disreputable  in  character  have  rarely  been  members  of  the 
association.  The  tone  of  our  organization  has  been  high. 

And  now,  Mr.  President,  a  few  words  as  to  those  of  our 
associates  who  have  passed  beyond.  The  personnel  of  our 
society  is  constantly  changing  ;  looking  back  the  nearly  forty 
years  1  have  been  a  member,  the  faces  of  many  that  came  up 
to  our  yearly  meetings  are  missing  ;  they  have  drifted  past  the 
headlands  of  time  and  out  upon  the  ocean  of  eternity,  and  the 
places  they  faithfully  and  honorably  filled  are  occupied  by 
others.  It  was  a  beautiful  conception,  engrafted,  from  we  may 
not  determine  where,  into  the  mythology  of  the  ancient  Scan- 
dinavian populations  of  the  north  of  Europe,  that  when  the 
living  came  together  in  their  rude  halls  for  the  worship  of  Odin 
and  Thor  and  the  other  gods  of  their  religion,  the  departed 
spirits  of  their  heroes  and  statesmen  and  sages  and  poets  came 
up  to  join  them  there,  bringing  with  them  inspirations  from  the 
past  for  high  thoughts  and  noble  deeds  in  the  future.  This 
conception  may  have  been  a  delusion  ;  the  materialistic  ten- 
dency of  the  day  would  stamp  it  so  :  but  even  as  a  delusion, 
it  had  in  it  a  beneficent  influence  upon  the  minds  of  the  living  ; 
it  had  in  it  also  the  assurance  that  the  departed  were  not  only 
not  forgotten,  but  were  held  worthy  of  respect  and  esteem. 
Looking  back  over  the  hundred  years  of  the  existence  of  our 
society,  we  see  a  lengthening  line  of  worthies  in  the  profession 
whose  mortal  forms  are  no  longer  with  us  ;  they  do  not  respond 
to  our  invitations  ;  we  cannot  wile  them  to  the  festive  board. 
The  ethereal  spirit,  the  vitalizing  principle,  the  soul  that  was 
within,  also  has  departed  to  that  land  of  shadows  beyond  tin- 
grave,  and  may  not  return.  But  when  we,  who  are  in  the  body, 
come  up  together,  as  on  this  occasion,  for  celebration  and  con- 
gratulations, we  can  bring  with  us  in  the  sacred  chambers  of 
the  inner  consciousness  the  most  kindly  remembrances  of  our 
dead  ;  and  so  feel,  and  in  no  merely  careless  and  perfunctory 
manner,  but  in  the  best  recognitions  of  the  heart,  that  those 
who  have  gone  before  are  still  parts  and  potencies  of  our 

(85) 


organization  and  will  so  remain.  When  \ve  speak  to  the  senti- 
ment—  The  Hartford  County  Medical  Association  —  let  it  be 
understood  that  we  include  the  departed  fathers  and  grand- 
fathers of  the  association,  whose  virtues  we  hope  we  have  inher- 
ited, and  whose  responsibilities  we  have  assumed. 

Peace  to  their  ashes  ;   to  their  souls  repose  ; 

May  we  who  follow  where  their  footsteps  fell, 
So  live  our  calling  as  when  life  shall  close, 

It  may  be  written  —  Peace  to  these  as  well. 


Dr.  E.  F.  Parsons,  of  Thompsonville,  responded  to  the 
same  toast  from  his  section  of  the  county  as  follows  :  — 

The  history  of  medical  practice  in  the  northeastern  part 
of  Hartford  County,  during  the  past  two  hundred  years,  so  far 
as  I  have  been  able  to  collect  it  from  tradition  and  record,  is 
meager. 

Enfield,  during  the  eighteenth  century,  was  comparatively 
a  poor  town.  Agriculture  being  the  principal  occupation  of  the 
inhabitants,  and  the  land  being  only  fertile  in  spots  or  strips, 
the  compensation  for  attendance  upon  the  sick  was  necessarily 
so  limited  that  probably  few,  of  those  whose  talents  were  likely 
to  secure  a  reputation  extending  through  the  century  following 
their  decease,  were  tempted  to  settle  in  the  vicinity. 

The  country  doctor,  however,  then  as  now,  and  there  as 
everywhere,  was  the  same  untiring  hero,  universally  found  to 
be  devoted  and  faithful,  ministering  to  the  poor  in  cottages  and 
scattered  homes  upon  the  hillsides,  as  well  as  to  the  well-to-do 
in  better  built  and  more  conveniently  furnished  mansions  in 
more  populous  localities. 

Some  of  the  gravest  questions  in  practice  may  confront 
him  all  alone,  miles  from  any  possible  help,  and  demand  prompt 
solution. 

His  most  brilliant  deeds  and  most  successful  triumphs  over 
the  ravages  of  disease  may  be  located  in  the  households  of  the 

(86) 


ignorant  and  unappreciative,  and  even  at  midnight  when  the 
world  is  asleep,  with  no  one  present  to  commend,  much  less  to 
herald  his  praises,  nor  to  otter  that  laudable  cheer  and 
approval  which  is  in  every  educated  profession  recognized  as 
a  proper  and  powerful  stimulus  to  honest  self-sacrifice,  toil,  and 
ambition.  Thus  he  labors  on  as  his  predecessors  have  labored 
before  him,  congratulating  himself,  on  his  lonely  rides,  that  his 
life  of  service  is  beneficent,  and,  although  often  unrequited, 
productive  of  some  of  the  most  noble  results  accomplished. 

A  very  different  mission  this,  from  professional  life  in  tin- 
cities,  where  the  opportunities  for  assistance  are  close  at  hand, 
where  competition  keeps  one  abreast  of  the  most  modern  equip- 
ment, and  appreciative  remuneration  makes  one  forget  the  toil 
and  sacrifice. 

One  of  the  most  distinguished  names  upon  the  roll  of 
physicians  in  our  locality,  whether  during  the  last  or  the  present 
century,  is  that  of  Hamilton.  Early  in  the  eighteenth  century, 
Josiah  Hamilton,  then  a  boy,  came  to  Boston  from  Edinburgh. 
He  studied  medicine,  and  located  for  practice  in  the  town  of 
West  Brookfield,  Mass.  He  begat  Josiah,  Jr.,  who  also  became 
a  physician,  and  followed  his  father  in  practice  in  the  same 
town.  About  the  middle  of  the  century,  Josiah,  Jr.,  begat  Asa, 
who  also  studied  medicine,  and  commenced  practice  at  the  age 
of  17  or  18,  so  precocious  was  he  in  the  art  inherited  from  his 
father  and  grandfather. 

Dr.  Asa  Hamilton  early  left  Brookfield,  and  settled  in 
Somers,  Conn.  He,  with  his  young  wife  and  an  infant  son, 
made  the  journey  horseback.  This  Somers  physician  was  tin- 
most  distinguished  of  his  family,  because  an  officer  and  surgeon 
in  the  Revolutionary  army.  He  was  a  remarkably  fine-looking 
man  physically,  and  exceedingly  popular  in  his  professional 
capacity.  He  was  one  of  the  early  members,  if  not  a  charter 
member,  of  this  society.  Although  he  lived  only  about  twenty 
years  after  he  commenced  practice,  his  reputation  for  skill  in 
surgery  became  extensive.  On  one  occasion,  his  services  were 
sought  from  East  Windsor  Hill,  a  village  only  about  eight  miles 

(87) 


from  Hartford.  He  lived  about  twice  that  distance  in  the 
opposite  direction,  and  this  call  was  worthy  of  note,  because 
it  shows  that  his  reputation  enabled  him  to  encroach  so  closely 
upon  the  domains  of  the  surgeons  of  a  capital  city.  This  fact 
seems  to  us  quite  remarkable,  for  their  reputation  now  is  so 
pronounced  that  we  surgeons  eighteen  miles  away  can  hardly 
keep  our  minor  surgery  out  of  their  hands. 

Horatio  Arnold  Hamilton,  who,  when  an  infant,  rode  into 
Connecticut  with  his  father,  Dr.  Asa,  on  horseback,  early  in  or 
just  before  the  Revolutionary  war,  in  due  time  studied  medi- 
cine also,  and  praticed  in  Somers  until  his  two  sons,  Horatio 
Asa  and  Erskine  Erasmus,  who  also  studied  medicine,  were 
ready  to  practice,  when  he  gave  up  the  field  to  them  and  re- 
moved to  Enfield.  Here  he  built  up  a  large  practice,  in  which 
he  continued  to  labor  until  his  death,  which  occurred  about 
the  year  1850.  Our  Enfield  Dr.  Hamilton  was  a  remarkable 
man  in  his  way.  He  had  quite  a  literary  taste,  and  was  very 
proud  of  his  professional  pedigree,  he  being  the  fourth  doctor 
in  direct  line  from  Dr.  Josiah  1st,  born  in  Edinburgh.  He 
was  equally  anxious  to  continue  the  line  in  his  posterity;  and 
it  is  said  that,  on  one  occasion,  when  his  only  remaining  son, 
Dr.  Erskine  Hamilton  (Dr.  Horatio,  the  other  son,  having  died), 
was  inclined  to  give  his  time  and  attention  to  farming  ex- 
clusively, he  spent  whole  nights  in  violent  lamentation.  His 
vigorous  protestations  prevailed,  and  the  line  remains  unbroken 
to  this  day. 

Dr.  Hamilton  of  Enfield  was  a  studious  and  thoughtful 
man,  and  often  made  long  visits  upon  his  patients,  appearing  to 
be  occupying  his  time  in  telling  stories  or  reading  books  or 
newspapers  which  came  in  his  way.  He  was  held  in  reputation 
in  neighboring  towns,  and  was  often  called  in  consultation  by 
physicians  in  Suffield,  over  the  river.  He  used  to  say,  in  criti- 
cism of  the  Suffield  doctors,  that  they  did  not  stay  long  enough 
with  their  patients  to  learn  what  was  the  matter  with  them. 

Both  Dr.  Horatio  Asa  and  Dr.  Erskine  Erasmus,  who 
practiced  in  Somers,  begat  each  a  son,  who  studied  medicine, 

(88) 


and  both  these  are  no\v  in  active  practice:  one,  l)r.  Arnold 
Horatio,  in  Ohio,  and  the  other,  I)r.  Theodore  Krasmus,  in 
Springfield,  Mass.  And  further  still,  a  son  of  I  )r.  Arnold 
Horatio  is  practicing  in  Ohio,  and  a  son  of  Dr.  Theodore 
Erasmus  of  Springfield  is  graduating  this  year  from  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Xe\v  York  City. 

Thus  \ve  have  in  this  remarkable  family  seven  successive 
generations  of  doctors,  and  at  least  ten  physicians  in  all.  How 
many  have  escaped  my  search  1  cannot  tell.  1  think  I  ought 
to  state  that  a  daughter  in  one  of  the  generations  married  a 
physician.  Had  she  lived  in  a  later  period  in  the  evolution  of 
woman,  her  hereditary  proclivities  would  not  have  been  satis- 
fied with  any  such  representative,  helpmate  arrangement  as 
this,  but  we  should  have  had  another  fully  Hedged  M.  D.  in  the 
royal  line  to  add  to  our  list. 

It  has  been  said  that  Dr.  Asa  I).  Spaulding,  who  died  in 
Kn field  in  180-1,  after  a  laborious  practice  of  thirty  years,  and 
who  was  a  very  popular  accoucheur,  attended  during  one  year 
more  women  in  labor  than  any  other  physician  in  Hartford 
county  during  the  same  year. 

A  very  suggestive  remark  was  once  made  by  Dr.  Kisk,  of 
Warehouse  Point,  formerly  of  Broad  Brook,  concerning  consul- 
tations, and  one  which  young  physicians  will  do  well  to  re- 
member. It  was  this  :  A  consultation  is  likely  to  leave  Un- 
attending physician  bereft  of  that  sense  of  responsibility  which 
is  necessary  to  call  forth  his  best  efforts  in  behalf  of  his  patient, 
and  therefore  should  not  be  too  hastily  decided  upon. 

One  of  the  witty  sayings  of  Dr.  William  Wood,  of  Kast 
Windsor,  is  worth  relating  in  this  connection.  On  one  occa- 
sion, when  testifying  in  court  concerning  a  woman  who  was 
thought  to  be  insane,  he  was  asked  what  he,  a  country  doctor, 
knew  about  the  diagnosis  of  insanity,  as  compared  with  a 
specialist  in  nervous  diseases.  His  answer  was,  More;  for  we 
general  practitioners  are  obliged  to  recognixe  the  disease  in  its 
incipiency.  When  it  comes  under  their  observation  it  is  more 
fully  developed,  and  much  easier  to  be  determined. 

(89) 


I  wish  to  speak  a  word  of  commendation  for  one  who  is 
entitled,  on  account  of  his  long,  active  service  in  the  profession, 
to  be  placed  upon  our  list  of  worthies.  I  refer  to  Dr.  R.  I,. 
Strickland,  of  Enfield,  and  his  remarkable  success  in  the  treat- 
ment of  pneumonia.  I  have  labored  by  his  side  for  nearly 
thirty  years,  and  a  death  from  this  disease  in  his  practice  is  a 
rare  event.  I  cannot  refer  to  statistics,  but  I  think  his  record 
of  mortality  in  this  affection,  including  complications,  will  not 
reach  ten  per  cent. 

And  now,  gentlemen,  before  I  close,  I  wish  to  congratu- 
late this  society  on  its  past  history,  so  full  of  earnest  workers, 
and  so  replete  with  useful  results,  and  on  the  prosperous  con- 
dition in  which  this  anniversary  finds  it.  I  wish  hereby  to 
tender  my  grateful  acknowledgments  for  what  of  stimulus  and 
information  I  have  received  from  its  membership  and  proceed- 
ings. I  would  exhort  all  to  prize  more  heartily  its  privileges,  to 
respond  more  faithfully  to  its  claims,  in  order  that  the  advan- 
tages it  can  furnish  may  be  more  fully  enjoyed  by  all. 


Dr.  J.  K.  Mason  responded  as  follows:  — 

MR.  PRESIDENT  AND  GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  SOCIETY:  —  A 
resident  and  practitioner  of  Suffield  for  something  more  than 
thirty  years,  I  am  happy  to  respond  to  this  toast,  and  con- 
tribute what  little  I  know  of  the  medical  history  of  my  section. 

Through  the  courtesies  of  our  able  and  efficient  town  clerk 
and  town  historian,  Messrs.  Loomis  and  Sheldon,  I  hold  in  my 
hand  a  complete  list  of  the  doctors  —  some  twenty  in  all  —  who 
have  practiced  in  our  town  since  its  formation  in  1670.  But  as 
my  time  is  limited,  and  not  to  weary  your  patience,  I  shall  con- 
fine my  remarks  mainly  to  those  who  have  been  members  of  our 
society,  or  otherwise  more  or  less  noted. 

Passing  over  the  honored  and  well-remembered  names  of 
my  former  associates,  William  H.  Mather  and  Aretas  Rising, 
whose  sturdy  forms  have  scarcely  ceased  to  be  missed  from 

(90) 


our  streets,  I  come  to  that  of  Asaph  I,.  Ilissell,  a  graduate  of 
the  second  medical  class  at  Yale  in  1S1.Y  He  was  a  native  <>l 
Suffield,  and  practiced  long  and  successfully  in  his  native  town, 
where  he  was  held  in  high  esteem;  although  "a  prophet  is  not 
without  honor,  love,  etc."  He  died  in  1X.~>0,  aged  .V.I,  leaving 
two  sons  and  one  daughter.  A  son  and  two  grandsons  still 
survive,  the  latter  being  residents  of  our  town  and  prominent 
in  business  and  society  circles. 

In  1843  occurred  the  death  of  another  very  prominent 
physician,  Oliver  Pease,  at  the  ripe  age  of  x:>.  He,  too,  prac- 
ticed in  his  native  town  for  over  fifty  years,  and  was  also  the 
first  probate  judge  of  this  district,  holding  the  office  nine  years. 
He  is  well  remembered  by  our  older  citizens  as  a  large,  portly 
man,  of  very  agreeable  manner  and  happy  disposition.  Indeed 
his  very  countenance,  as  he  entered  the  sick-room,  was  always 
accounted  a  benediction.  He  left  only  one  child,  a  daughter, 
and  she  another  daughter,  through  whom  the  family  line  became 
extinct,  though  a  number  of  relatives  are  still  living.  A  sister 
of  his,  Mindwell  Pease,  married  Postmaster-General  Gideon 
Granger,  of  whom  we  shall  speak  by  and  by. 

Next  upon  our  list,  and  first  upon  the  list  of  founders  of 
the  Hartford  County  Medical  Society  as  read  by  the  clerk  this 
morning,  stands  the  name  of  Howard  Alden.  He  came  to 
Suffield  from  Ashfield,  Mass.,  at  the  age  of  '>',,  and  was  of  tin- 
sixth  generation  from  that  John  Alden  whom  Longfellow  has 
made  famous  in  his  "Courtship  of  Miles  Standish":  "Why 
don't  you  speak  for  yourself,  John?"  Xow  we  are  told  that 
shortly  after  Howard  Alden  came  to  town,  he  was  taken 
sick  with  typhoid  fever,  and  chanced  to  have  as  his  nurse  a 
fair  damsel  —  one  Rhoda  Williston  —  whom  he  fell  deeply  in 
love  with,  and  married  on  his  recovery.  So  the  romance  of 
the  marriage  of  John  and  Priscilla  is  reproduced  in  that  of 
Howard  and  Rhoda. 

For  full  half  a  century  he  and  his  genial  associate,  I  >r. 
Pease,  practiced  side  by  side  ;  the  one,  as  was  said,  being  good 
to  the  poor,  and  the  other  to  the  —  rich!  so  both  were  well 

(91) 


cared  for  :  happy  town  !  As  may  be  inferred,  he  was  a  devout 
Christian  and  long  a  deacon  ol  the  Congregational  Church. 
A  case  of  what  he  called  "Canine  Madness"  (Hydrophobia) 
may  be  found  fully  and  graphically  reported  by  him,  in  the 
reprint  of  the  Connecticut  Medical  Society's  Proceedings,  page 
338;  it  occurred  on  the  28th  of  October,  K'.li.  He  died  in 
1841,  leaving  twelve  children,  only  one  of  whom  survives, 
at  present  a  resident  of  Ohio.  A  few  relatives  are  still  in  town, 
including  a  granddaughter  —  a  most  estimable  lady  —  who. 
with  her  husband,  still  occupies  the  old  homestead. 

Another  founder  of  the  society,  Amos  Granger,  whose 
name  was  also  read  by  the  clerk  this  morning,  belonged  to  one 
of  the  oldest  and  most  aristocratic  families  of  the  town,  being 
a  lineal  descendant  of  Launcelot  Granger,  who  was  one  of  the 
100  original  proprietors  in  Ki80.  He  was  a  brother  of  Gideon 
Granger,  whose  son  was  Postmaster-General  from  1801  to  1814, 
and  whose  grandson  held  the  same  office  in  the  Harrison-Tyler 
administration.  As  the  first  Postmaster-General  had  his  home 
in  Suffield,  this  circumstance,  I  suppose,  gave  it  a  political 
prominence  which  it  has  never  enjoyed  since,  it  being  in  those 
years  the  distributing  post-office  for  all  New  England.  We 
have  been  told  by  those  who  learned  it  from  his  contempo- 
raries, that  it  was  thought  to  be  a  great  event  for  this  distin- 
guished cabinet  officer  to  drive  home  from  Washington  (as  he 
did  once  or  twice  a  year)  with  his  "coach  and  four";  that  at 
such  times  he  was  wont  to  hold  grand  receptions,  and  make 
occasional  electioneering  tours  into  the  surrounding  towns; 
always  driving  his  coach  and  four,  to  the  open-mouthed  aston- 
ishment of  his  rural  constituents. 

In  corroboration  of  my  friend  Dr.  Parsons's  good-natured 
allusion  to  the  superior  wealth  of  Suffield,  1  would  say  that  I 
learned  from  the  same  sources  that  in  those  days  Enfield  was 
spoken  of  as  "The  Sandy  Side";  and  that  her  postmaster,  in 
his  journeyings  for  the  tri-weekly  mail,  rowed  across  the  Con- 
necticut river  in  a  skiff  (there  being  no  bridge  or  ferry),  and 
on  his  return  probably  distributed  his  mail  from  the  top  of 

(92) 


his  hat,  as  Lincoln  did  at  New  Salem.  No  doubt  it  was  out  of 
commiseration  that  Suffield  sent  over  her  son,  <)rnn  Thomp- 
son, a  few  years  later,  who  built  up  and  established  another 
post-office  at  Thompsonville.  lUit  we  are  digressing.  To  re- 
sume :  Dr.  Amos  Granger  was  himself  a  noted  man,  repre- 
senting the  town  in  the  Legislature  ten  sessions;  and  a  son  of 
his,  Gen.  Amos  P.  Granger,  settled  in  Onondaga  County,  X.  Y., 
and  afterwards  represented  that  district  in  Congress.  The 
Granger  family  finally  removed  to  New  York  State,  where  the 
doctor  died,  in  1811.  Other  descendants  of  the  family  reside 
in  Canandaigua.  Not  long  since,  one  of  their  number,  |. 
Albert  Granger,  a  college  classmate  of  mine,  wrote  to  impure 
if  any  of  the  old  Granger  buildings  were  still  standing,  and  if 
any  one  or  all  of  four  articles  of  furniture  which  he  named, 
in  use  in  their  day,  could  be  found  and  obtained  for  a  reason- 
able sum.  I  wrote  in  reply  that  two  of  the  old  buildings  were 
still  standing,  and  that  after  a  prolonged  search  I  had  suc- 
ceeded in  finding  one  of  the  articles  of  furniture,  but  that  on 
asking  the  owner  on  what  terms  he  would  part  with  it,  he  re- 
plied, "Tell  Mr.  Granger  that  he  can  have  that  sofa  if  he  will 
give  me  a  quitclaim  deed  of  Boston  Common  !  "  As  lie  never 
came  on  to  inspect  the  property,  nor  gave  any  orders  to  pur- 
chase at  that  price,  I  concluded  that  he  did  not  think  favorably 
of  the  home  of  his  ancestors  as  a  hunting  ground,  either  for 
relics  or  rabbits. 

Of  two  or  three  other  less  noted  doctors,  whose  names 
appear  on  the  list,  but  whose  lives  mostly  antedate  the  founding 
of  the  society,  1  will  only  speak  of  one,  the  so-called  Dr.  Syl- 
vester Graham,  as  I  see  my  time  is  nearly  up.  He,  well  known 
as  the  originator  of  "Graham  Bread,"  was  born  in  West  Suf- 
field, on  the  corner  opposite  the  hotel  and  Congregational 
church,  in  1794,  and  died  in  Northampton,  Mass.,  in  1S.">1. 
He  was  the  youngest  and  seventeenth  child  of  Rev.  John 
Graham,  and  was  educated  for  the  ministry  at  Amherst  College. 
After  three  or  four  years  spent  in  the  ministry,  he  was  em- 
ployed by  a  Philadelphia  temperance  society  as  a  lecturer  ; 

(93) 


and  not  long  after  originated  his  famous  "  vegetarian-dietetic 
theory,"  sometimes  called  the  "Graham  System,"  to  the  eluci- 
dation and  establishment  of  which  he  devoted  the  remainder 
of  his  life  with  an  enthusiastic  and  unceasing  toil  that  prob- 
ably  shortened  his  days.  He  edited  for  several  years  a  publi- 
cation called  Graham  s  Magazine,  and  issued  from  time  to  time 
several  other  works  in  support  of  his  "system."  One  of  these, 
on  "  Bread  and  Bread  Making,"  caused  him  to  be  mobbed  by 
the  Boston  bakers.  He  was  probably  the  first,  in  this  country, 
to  direct  public  attention  to  the  evil  consequences  of  bolting  wheat 
flour ;  and  though  he  did  not  himself  fully  understand  the 
reason  of  its  impoverishment  by  this  process,  not  being  able  to 
summon  to  his  aid  the  published  proofs  of  the  modern  chemist 
and  microscopist,  nevertheless  he  made  a  notable  and  I  might 
say  heroic  beginning  of  a  good  work  ;  and  that  work  was  pre- 
eminently the  work  of  a  doctor.  As  such  let  us  accept  of  it 
with  becoming  grace  and  due  consideration. 


The  Rev.  Dr.  E.  P.  Parker  was  called  upon  to  respond  for 
"The  Church."  He  said  he  had  been  attending  a  meeting  of 
ministers  and  had  been  speaking  all  the  morning,  and  so  felt 
rather  tired.  "  One  of  the  earliest  portraits  of  the  worthy 
doctors,"  he  said,  "is  given  by  Chaucer  in  his  immortal  pro- 
logue. His  faithful  picture  would  well  pass  muster  for  the 
doctor  of  to-day.  The  physician  ministers  to  the  physical 
necessities  of  men,  deriving  his  medicine  from  God's  material 
kingdom,  and  the  minister  takes  care  of  the  spiritual  necessities 
of  men  with  the  help  of  the  great  moral  and  spiritual  truths  of 
God's  universe.  But  in  many  other  respects  our  professions 
are  closely  bound  together.  If  anything  else  were  necessary  to 
show  the  close  affinity  of  the  two  callings,  it  is  only  necessary 
to  recall  the  ministrations  of  the  One  who  went  about  healing 
the  bodies  of  the  people,  while  he  administered  to  their  spirit- 
ual wants  and  showed  them  the  way  to  the  better  life.  So  it  is 
not  strange  that  the  good  physician  should  unite  the  healing  of 

(94) 


the  bodily  infirmities  and  the  spiritual  and  moral  ministrations. 
There  are  many  and  egregious  quackeries  in  each  (ailing. 
And  then  there  is  this  unfortunate  likeness — that  our  medi- 
cines too  often  are  alike  unpalatable  and  inefficient.  Honor 
the  physician,  not  only  for  his  sacred  office,  but  for  his  energy, 
his  self-sacrifice,  his  enthusiasm,  his  skill." 

Dr.  Parker  closed  with  a  handsome  tribute  to  the  great 
profession  that  has  "done  such  a  magnificent  thing  in  staying 
the  plague,  from  its  members  in  St.  Petersburg  to  its  members 
in  Xew  York."  Hearty  applause  broke  out  as  Dr.  Parker 
finished  his  eloquent  address. 


Judge  Nathaniel  Shipman  said  substantially  in  re- 
sponse to  the  toast  upon  "Law":  — 

Much  depends  upon  the  point  of  vie\v  from  which  a  sub- 
ject is  regarded.  The  hungry,  nervous,  herded-together,  im- 
prisoned victims  of  public  necessity  on  board  the  Norniannia, 
when  longed-for  quiet  and  comfort  and  escape  from  the  sight 
of  death  were  prevented  by  the  menace  of  a  mob,  had  a  poor 
opinion  of  the  beneficence  or  the  utility  of  law.  Law,  as  ad- 
ministered, was  to  them  a  synonym  for  the  cruelty  of  ignor- 
ance and  of  passion.  If  calmer  moments  ever  come,  they  will 
yet  see  that  law,  like  the  atmosphere,  is  a  universal  and  an 
unthought  of  blessing. 

I  have  read  lately,  in  a  volume  to  the  memory  of  Mr. 
Justice  Bradley,  one  of  the  greatest  lawyers  of  this  century,  an 
address  which  he  delivered  upon  law  as  the  bond  and  basis  of 
civil  society.  His  analysis  of  the  nature  and  office  of  law  was 
a  very  remarkable  specimen  of  intellectual  power.  He  says 
that  one  can  best  understand  its  benefits  by  thinking  of  tin- 
condition  of  society  and  of  governments  if  there  was  abso- 
lutely no  law,  an  entire  absence  of  system  and  restraint 
throughout  the  manifold  relations  and  transactions  which 
affect  society.  Law,  he  says,  is  not  only  the  bond  of  civil 

(95) 


society,  it   is  the   essence  of  civil    society,  it  is   a   natural   out- 
growth of  humanity. 

An  after-dinner  talk  is  not  the  occasion  for  an  essay  ; 
and  therefore  some  one  will  interrupt  just  here  and  say,  Yes, 
yes,  we  have  heard  and  read  about  the  science  and  the  phi- 
losophy of  the  law.  We  know  that  its  business  is  to  compel 
people  to  act  rightfully,  to  do  no  wrong  to  another,  to  give  to 
everyone  his  own.  We  have  heard  that  Cicero  said  that  — 
but  how  about  the  priests  and  the  high  priests  in  the  temple 
of  law,  its  teachers  and  administrators? 

They  have  taught  us  of  late  a  good  deal  about  bacilli, 
germs  of  evil,  generated  in  some  fermentation  and  wafted  in 
some  atmosphere.  Bacilli  are  generated  in  the  fermentation 
of  civil  society  ;  for  law  does  not  compose  the  whole  society,  it 
is  only  an  essential  part  of  it.  Bacilli  are  generated,  some 
men  have  an  affinity  for  them,  they  are  produced  within  some 
men,  and  then  comes  a  species,  sometimes  called  carpet- 
buffers,  sometimes  shysters,  sometimes  quacks.  And  it  may 
continue  to  exist.  But  the  self-elevation,  education,  and  de- 
velopment of  each  actual  member  of  our  profession  will  dimin- 
ish the  numbers  and  shorten  the  lives  of  this  species.  If  each 
one  of  us  in  this  country  makes  the  most  of  himself,  comes  as 
near  as  may  be  to  his  own  ideal,  studies  as  earnestly  and 
thinks  as  clearly  as  he  can,  is  generous  to  new  ideas,  new 
knowledge,  new  theories,  has  faith  that  each  year  is  to  bring 
benefit,  if  he  deserves  to  receive  it,  and  has  an  abundant  hope 
in  the  like  gift  to  his  fellows,  the  day  of  supremacy  of  the 
carper-buffer  in  law  and  medicine  is  over. 

Another  thing  :  The  true  member  of  our  profession  has  no 
severer  critic  than  himself.  No  one  can  judge  him  more 
harshly  than  he  judges  himself.  He  knows  his  own  limitations, 
his  own  mistakes,  and  hence  comes  charity  for  his  co-workers. 
The  true  and  genuine  lawyer  looks  out  over  the  ranks  of  his 
brethren  in  the  learned  profession  with  increasing  sympathy 
and  charity  for  errors  and  shortcomings,  and  with  increasing 
pride  in  the  success  of  each  of  his  associates  of  every  name. 

(96) 


"And  now  abideth  faith,  hope,  charity,  these  three,  hi 
greatest  of  these  is  charitv." 


Mr.  Richard  Burton,  who  was  to  have  spoken  upon 
"  Literature,"  was  unable  to  be  present,  and  Mr.  Warner 
read  his  response  to  the  toast,  as  follows  :  — 

The  inter-relations  of  literature  and  medicine  are  not, 
perhaps,  at  first  blush  particularly  obvious.  That  the  t\vo  pro- 
fessions are  not,  however,  antagonistic  is  exemplified  in  the 
achievements  of  those  doctors  of  the  body  whose  names  are 
blazoned  to  fame,  as  likewise  doctors  of  the  spirit  through  the 
gentle  medium  of  letters. 

The  goodly  name  of  Sir  Thomas  Browne  occurs  to  me,  a 
man  as  honorable  in  his  profession  during  his  lifetime  as  lie  is 
immortal  since  his  death,  by  his  quaint,  wise,  and  pious  words 
and  meditations.  When  we  mention  Dr.  |ohn  Brown,  of 
Edinburgh,  we  think  not  only  of  the  distinguished  physician, 
but  of  the  author  of  u  Rab  and  His  Friends,"  that  tender 
chronicle  of  dogkind  and  humankind  which  lias  warmed  a 
million  hearts.  And  coming  nearer  in  time  and  crossing  seas 
to  our  own  country,  such  men  as  Thomas  \V.  Parsons,  Weir 
Mitchell,  &&&,  facile  princeps,  the  beloved  autocrat,  Dr.  Holmes 
(now  over  eighty  years  young,  as  has  been  happily  said),  are 
among  those  who  come  to  mind  as  shining  examples  of  the 
union  of  these  two  functions,  each  so  worthy,  each  of  such 
inestimable  value  to  the  world  of  thought  and  the  world 
of  action.  Examples  might  be  multiplied  to  show  how 
often  the  leech  (to  use  the  good  old  word)  has  been  also 
the  lover  and  maker  of  literature. 

The  science  of  medicine,  as  shown  forth  in  its  disciple, 
the  practical  and  busy  physician,  has  a  lesson,  and  a  great 
lesson,  for  all  who  follow  the  handicraft  of  writing.  It  is  a 
message  from  the  men  who  do,  to  the  men  who  dream  ;  it  is 
the  sermon  which  has  for  its  text,  Action  is  greater  than 

(97) 


thought  or  feeling,  the  fulfilment  of  duty  more  heroic,  than  its 
most  forceful  and  beautiful  presentation.  It  is  the  function  of 
the  writer  to  stimulate,  uplift,  and  delight  his  fellow-men,  that 
the  earth  may  be  a  fairer  place,  and  that  the  path  of  right  con- 
duct may  be  plainer  and  more  inviting. 

Hut  we  must  not  forget  that,  like  Chaucer's  poor  parson, 
he  should  not  only  teach  Christ's  lore,  but  first  follow  it  him- 
self. It  is  this,  in  part,  I  verily  believe,  which  has  begotten  in 
the  public  mind  the  feeling  that  literature  is  something  pret- 
tified, effeminate,  and  aside  from  life's  urgent  issues,  because, 
while  sometimes  it  has  been  degenerated  in  the  cause  of  petty 
or  gross  things,  the  lives  of  too  many  of  its  representatives 
have  been  in  sad  dissonance  with  their  own  teaching  and 
preaching  ;  a  state  of  things,  thank  heaven,  typical  of  the  past 
rather  than  the  present.  Of  old,  the  makers  of  literature  have 
not  always  hearkened  to  the  advice  of  Charles  Kingsley  and 
"done  noble  deeds,"  but  have,  instead,  "dreamed  them  all  day- 
long." The  heroism  of  duty,  I  say  again,  is  the  lesson  taught, 
and  in  no  profession  is  it  more  fitly  and  fairly  illustrated  and 
emphasized  than  in  that  which  we  are  met  here  to-day  to  honor 
and  to  remember. 

Speaking  as  one  of  the  humblest  of  my  craft,  I  wish  to 
testify  that  more  than  once  I  have  felt  the  sharp  reproach  of 
shame,  in  a  sense,  of  the  magnificent  singleness  of  purpose  and 
self-effacing  devotion  to  the  cause  which  continually  charac- 
terize the  members  of  the  guild  of  Galen  —  qualities  never 
more  in  evidence  than  at  the  present  time  when  the  cholera, 
that  pest  from  the  East,  threatens  to  exercise  your  nicest  skill, 
to  try  your  stoutest  courage,  and  to  strain  your  sturdiest 
strength  to  its  uttermost.  May  literature  learn  to  minister  unto 
a  mind  diseased  as  you  have  ministered  unto  the  body,  which 
is  the  temple  of  the  Holy  Ghost. 

It  being,  then,  the  business  of  the  writers  of  literature  to 
benefit  and  enlighten  the  spirit  of  man,  and  of  the  student  or 
practitioner  of  medicine  to  set  in  order  the  fleshly  tabernacle 
without  which  the  higher  life  cannot  be,  am  I  wrong,  am  I 

(98) 


idcalix. ing'  on  the  situation,  in  claiming  close  inter-relation  for 
the  t\vo  crafts,  and  in  asking  each  to  learn  from  the  other, 
while  both  work  together  for  that  better  day  which  i^  at  once 
the  dream  of  the  poet  and  the  rational  hope  of  the  scientist  ? 


The  Hon.  A.  V,.  Burr,  who  had  been  invited  to  re- 
spond for  "The  Press,"  did  so  in  substantially  the  following 
words  :  — 

Mk.    TOASTMASTKK    AND    (  iKXTI.KM  K\  : — 

In  responding  to  this  standing  toast  to  the  Press,  one  may 
say  almost  anything  :  the  Press  speaks  upon  all  subjects.  When 
Dr.  Wainwright  invited  me  to  come  among  the  medical  scientists 
of  Connecticut,  and  say  something  in  response  to  this  toast.  1 
felt  as  the  good  old  Methodist  woman  of  Albany  Avenue  did 
when  she  got  into  a  picnic  of  the  Universalist  society.  "  They 
believed  that  every  soul  on  this  earth  was  going  to  heaven,"  she 
said,  "and  I  was  so  shocked  at  the  idea  that  I  felt  entirely  out 
of  place."  In  looking  over  this  assembly  of  distinguished  pro- 
fessors, I  have  thought  that  were  the  eminent  physician  and 
scientist,  Dr.  William  Harvey,  who  discovered  the  circulation  of 
the  blood  in  the  human  body  nearly  three  hundred  years  ago,  to 
drop  down  among  you  to-day,  he  would  be  surprised  to  hear 
some  things  you  have  said.  But  Dr.  Wainwright  would  tell 
him  that  there  had  been  progress  in  the  past  three  centuries. 
The  surgeon's  knife  had  explored  every  nerve,  liber,  and  articu- 
lation of  the  human  body.  It  could  do  what  the  surgeons  of 
the  seventeenth  century  could  not  do.  And  he  could  tell  the 
great  physician  of  the  past  that  the  medical  scientists  had  dis- 
covered the  fountain  of  diseases  —  the  germs  that  breed  the 
ailments  of  man.  And  we  know  pretty  well  how  to  kill  them  — 
if  we  can  catch  them.  The  doctor  might  tell  him  that  it  was 
only  a  few  days  since  that  a  little  hump-backed  imp  from 
Russia,  by  name  Bacillus,  appeared  in  Germany.  He  crawled 
down  into  the  belly  of  a  Hamburger,  and  in  three  days  hatched 

(99) 


ten  millions  of  bacilli.  They  corrupted  the  whole  system,  and 
the  fertilization  of  the  little  imps  started  a  rich  crop  out  of 
which  the  Asiatic  cholera  grew  and  spread.  The  acid  anti- 
dotes, doing  a  great  work,  could  not  keep  pace  with  the  spread 
of  the  disease  where  it  got  a  start  before  its  presence  was 
hardly  known.  And  there  was  Jenner's  discovery  of  inocula- 
tion to  stop  the  march  of  the  small-pox  ;  and  Dr.  Koch's  inven- 
tions, not  yet  well  matured,  of  inoculation  for  consumption 
and  cholera. 

But,  says  Dr.  Harvey,  what  has  become  of  the  little  lance, 
with  a.  tortoise-shell  handle,  that  followed  my  discovery  of  the 
circulation  of  the  blood  —  the  little  "blood-letter"  ?  Dr.  YVain- 
wright  was  obliged  to  say  that  the  anti-phlebotomists  had 
driven  it  out  of  the  market.  On  hearing  this  Dr.  Harvey 
soared  away  to  his  pleasant  home  above  the  clouds,  where  it  is 
supposed  the  ideal  September  day  and  balmy  ocean  breezes 
last  all  the  year  round,  and  where  all  the  good  doctors,  after 
all  their  labors  and  anxieties  and  contentions  with  contagious 
diseases  at  early  morn  and  late  at  night,  will  finally  go. 

Mr.  Burr  then  gave  an  account  of  bleeding,  sixty  years 
ago,  by  Dr.  Bacon,  which  he  witnessed,  and  which  saved  the 
life  of  a  distinguished  citizen.  He  also  spoke  of  the  eminent 
physicians  of  half  a  century  since,  who  practiced  in  this  city. 


(100) 


GEORGE   B.  HAWLEY. 


OF    THE 


JH1 


MEDICAL  >J 


OCIET 


NOTE. 


///  preparing  this  list,  an  attempt  has  been  made  to  gather 
facts  upon  the  points  herein  enumerated.  So  far  as  obtained 
they  are  published  in  the  list,  in  the  following  order  :  — 

/.  Name  in  full. 

2.  Year  of  joining  the  Society. 

j.  Residence. 

4.  Medical  graduation. 

5.  Collegiate  or  academical  degrees. 

6.  Professorships  in  colleges. 

7.  President  of  State  or  National  Societies. 

8.  Surgeon  in   U.   S.  Army  or  Navy. 
p.  Removal  from  County  or  State. 

10.     Date  of  death,  and  age. 

JOHN  B.  LEWIS,  M.  J). 
Hartford,  1893. 


LIST  OF  MEMBERS. 


Abbott,  (Gcovgc  I^cUuavrts. 

1874.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Harvard,  1872.      Moved  to  New  York,  1878. 


Abcvncthy,  iloTtn  Hay. 

1829.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1828.  B.  A.  and  M.  A.,  Yale, 
1823.  Surgeon  U.  S.  Navy.  Died  in  New  York  C'ity,  Oct.  28,  1879: 
ait.,  74. 


Abvams,  ^Unx  3£lnathan. 

1883.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Albany  Med.  Coll.,  1881. 

Atxlcix,  Boxuavxl. 

1792.     SUFFIELD. 
Original  Member.     Died,  1841  ;  a>t.,  84. 


1855.    GRANBY. 
Died,  Oct.  8,  1882;  act.,  79. 

Allen,  Bcrwavtl  (Oliucv. 

1879.     BROAD  BROOK. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1879. 

(105) 


f  (Chivvies  Uc^ 

1884.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1875. 


Bishop. 

1830.     SOUTHINGTON. 

M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1816.     B.  A.,  Vale,  1797;   M.  A. 
1802.     Died  in  New  York  City,  April  26,  1853  ;  cet.,  76. 


,  fkrhn. 

1793.     BERLIN. 
Honorably  Dismissed,  1817. 

xts,  gxvraatv  ffimcs. 

1840.     SOUTH  GLASTONBURY. 


j  |Patracv. 

1873.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Harvard,  1871.     Died,  1886. 


1823.     BERLIN. 


Hon.   deg.   M.  D.,  Yale,  1833.     Moved  to  Middlesex  County.     Died 
in  New  Haven,  Aug.  3,  1866  ;  set.,  72. 


1873.     HARTFORD. 


M.  D.,  Yale,   1861.     Asst.  Surg.   9th  Reg't,  C.  V.,1861.     Died,  Feb. 
23,  1893. 


1880.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  L.  I.  Coll.  Hosp.,  1871. 


(106) 


Ayvcs,  MUUiam  (OvuiUc. 

1875.      HARTFORD. 

M.  I).,  Vale,  18.~>4.     15.  A.,  Yale,  1*37.      Died,  1SS7. 


Hcuiscm. 

1842.     NEW  BRITAIN. 
M.  D.,  (leneva,  1841.      Died,  Aug.  3,  1880. 

•IBacan,  3L!,cjcmavd. 

1803.     HARTFORD. 

Original   Member  of  \Vindham  Co.    Med.  Society,  1792.      Died, 
xt.,  73. 

iSUvccm,  dcLUUUxm  i'uvucv. 

1877.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1S71.     B.  A.,  M.  A.,  Yale,  1868. 


1829.     GRANBY. 

05cov0c  (Covnclixts. 

1887.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1886. 

28anlis,  Suimtcl. 

1843.     HARTFORD. 


.1835.     HARTFORD. 
Died,  Nov.  8,  1848;  a>t.,  52. 


1794.     SIMSBURY. 

,  ISlattct: 

1877.    TARIFFVILLE. 
^r.  D.,  Ikllevue,  1872.     Moved  to  Waterbury,  1880. 

(107) 


ixvixcs,     vuxnoi  Fcvguscm. 

1891.     COLLINSVILLE. 
M.  I).,  Univ.  N.  V.,  1890. 

IBixvncs,  iixxlixxs  Jstcck. 

1821.     SOUTHINGTON. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1818.     B.  A.,  Vale,  1815.     Died,   Nov.  11,  1870;    ret., 

78. 


,  Aslxbet  xixiUxvcI. 

1841.     HARTFORD. 
M.  I).,  Yale,  1<S41.     Pres.  Conn.  Mecl.  Society,  1876. 

38avvcnusr  Benjamin  J5»affovrt. 

1888.     MANCHESTER. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1887.     Ph.  15.,  Yale,  1883. 

jBixvviT,  xtciUlUam  Humes. 

1827.     HARTFORD. 
.M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1826.     Died,  Sept.  10,  1847. 

38ixvstoivr,  ©asjxcv. 

1887.     EAST  HARTFORD. 

M.   D.,  Univ.  Vt.,  1878.      Member  of  Windham  Co.   Med.   Society, 
1879.     Died,  Feb.  22,  1890  ;  set.,  37. 

SSeaxfc,  Chixt'lcs  (CoffitXQ. 

1886.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1882. 


1792.     SIMSBURY. 
Original  Member.      Honorably  dismissed,  1804. 

JScuch,  xsixac  ^lailcij. 

1851.     THOMPSONVILLE. 

(108) 


iicalcs,  iHoclovus  §. 

1856.     WINDSOR. 
M.  D.,  Albany,  1846. 

2-iccchcv,  JVmos. 

1795. 
Moved  to  Litchfield  Co. 


1794.     WETHERSFIELD. 
Died,  June  6,  1818;  ret.,  40. 


iScldcu,  ^cmucl  Mlhittlcscy. 

1826.     WETHERSFIELD. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1826.     Died,  1839. 

3BcU,  Bowcu  Simpson. 

1875.  EAST  HARTLAND. 

M.  D.,  Dartmouth,  1873.      Moved  to  Granhy,  X.  11. 

gctl,  ^cxuton  Stephen. 

1876.  WINDSOR. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  Yt.,  1864. 


1810.     EAST   HARTFORD. 


1840.     GRANBY. 


1836.     HARTFORD. 
Staff  Surgeon  British  Army,  1815.     Died,  March,  1843  ;  a-t.,  60. 


1843.     HARTFORD. 
Moved  to  Cooperstown,  X.  Y.     Died,  1852. 

(109) 


SSevcsfovrt,  ^amxxcl  itUxvunck. 

1836.     HARTFORD. 

M.   D.,   Univ.   Edinburgh,  1826.      Pres.    Conn.    Mecl.    Society,    1868, 
Died,  Oct.  19,  1873  ;  ret.,  67. 


1792.     SIMSBURY. 
Original  Member.      Hon.  deg.  M.  D.,  Yale,  1816.      Died,  1825. 


|Siv0e,  Si 

1822.     MANCHESTER. 


1823.    SUFFIELD. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1815.     Died,  1850. 


,  Bcxcfciati 

1797.     WINTONBURY. 
Moved  to  R.  I.,  1798. 


1855.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Berkshire,  1854.     Moved  to  Iowa. 

2Scmxt,  jijrfjcrmou. 

1800.     ENFIELD. 


1809.     HARTLAND. 
Honorably  dismissed,  1813. 


1874.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Harvard,  1867.     Moved  to  Providence,  R.  I. 

(110) 


^vacc,  3£rtwavrt. 

1833.     WEST   HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Castleton,  Vt.,  1828.      Died,  Nov.  27,  1879  :  tut.,  81. 

38vanrtcgcc,  j£Ushama. 

1842.     BERLIN. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1838.     li.  A.,  Yale,  1833.     Died,  l-Vl>.  17,  1884  ;  xt.,  70. 


ISvigham,  AmaviaTx. 

1831.     HARTFORD. 

Supt.  Retreat  for  the  Insane,  1840.      Supt.  Insane  Asylum,  LItica,  N.  Y., 
1842.     Died,  Sept.  8,  1849  ;  xt.,  51. 

<Svinlcxjf  gxliuavcl  Bxxntiixc|ton. 

1856.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Jefferson,  1853.      A.  B.,  Trinity,  1849. 

gvmulciT,  panic!  ^ylcv. 

1870.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1867. 


1834.     FARMINGTON. 

M.  D.,  Bowdoin,  1829.     Died,  1853. 


1829.     FARMINGTON. 


1833.     AVON. 
Moved  to  Waverly,  111.     Died,  April  13,  1875. 


|3vcnuix,  Samuel 

1823.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1823.     B.  A.,  M.  A.,  Yale,  1826.     Died,  1862. 
(Ill) 


,  (TUxvcncc  IHcluiUc. 

1851.      EAST    HARTFORD. 

Died  while  upon  an  exploring  expedition   in   Africa,    May  22,    1862 
xt.,  34. 


1865.     EAST   HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Berkshire,  1847. 


IpvowmcU,  2?avxlon. 

1825.     EAST   HARTFORD. 

Died,  1845. 

38  vmxmct  I,  Wii  U  x  am  ^Ujctxmcm  rt  . 

1853.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1852  ;  Surgeon  12th  Reg't,  C.  V.,  1861.     Died, 
Dec.  1,  1873;  ret.,  45. 

BxucJitciT,  !f0fttx  1+varvcis. 

1888.     MANCHESTER. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  Vt.,  1885.     Moved  to  Holyoke,  Mass. 


1833.     ROCKY  HILL. 

M.  D.,  Dartmouth,  1813.     B.  A.  Yale,  1810.     Died,  Feb.  1,  1857 
set.,  70. 


,  gottn  Horcis. 

1879.     PLAINVILLE. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1878. 

xutje,  ijkmxj  ©Xiwton. 

1850.     GLASTONBURY. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1850. 

(112) 


liUxnncU,  cutlUbxxv  iHthiu. 

1890.     NEW  BRITAIN. 

M.  I).,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1884. 


ap,  Sidney  2£ocjcvs. 

1872.     WINDSOR  LOCKS. 
M.  1).,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1862.     A.  B.,  Union  Coll.,  1858. 


3Sxxvnctt,  gvanK 

1887.     SOUTH   WINDSOR. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1885. 


xxvns, 

1888.     NEW  BRITAIN. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1882. 


,  ^cvcmuxh. 

1841.     BURLINGTON. 
M.  D.,  Berkshire,  1839.     Moved  to  Litchlleld  Co.,  1879. 


1795. 
Moved  from  Litchrteld  Co.  to  Hartford  Co. 


1844.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Jefferson,  1828.     B.  A.,  Yale,  1825.     Supt.  of  Retreat,  184:5. 
Pres.  Am.  Inst.  Insane,  1870.     Died,  May  22,  1890. 

ISgington,  (Chavtcs. 

1822.     BRISTOL. 
M.  U.,  Yale,  1821.     Moved  to  New  Haven.      Died,  1857. 


1850.     SOUTHINGTON. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1834.     Died,  Dec.  29,  1877  ;  cut.,  69. 

(113) 


(Tump,  Joseph  axLUUiitm. 

1839.     BRISTOL. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1835. 

(Campbell,  Barnes. 

1872.     HARTFORD. 

M.    D.,   Univ.  Vt.,  1871.      Prof.   Ohstet.   and  the   Diseases  of  Women 
and  Children.  Med.  Inst.,  Yale  Coll.,  1886. 

(Cavpentev,  Jlamxt. 

1826.     BERLIN. 

(Tavvtncjtcm,  (Hut  vies. 

1865.     FARMINGTON. 
M.  I).,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1860. 


(Caievincjtcm,  gtUmn  Wirtls. 

1833.  FARMINGTON. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1828.     Died,  1851  ;  ret.,  46. 

(Carte  v,  jSjlalpTt. 

1818.     GLASTONBURY. 
Hon.  deg.  M.  D.,  Conn.  Med.  Society,  1838.     Died,  1854;  ret.,  64. 

Case,  Augustus  |&. 

1834.  SIMSBURY. 
Died,  1845. 

(Case,  ffoivus. 

1838.     GRANBY. 
Member  of  Litchfield  Co.  Med.  Society,  1831.     Dismissed,  1855. 


ain,  Cltavles 

1872.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1871.     A.  B.,  Brown  Univ.,  1867. 
Sec'y  State  Board  of  Health,  1877.     Died,  Aug.  21,  1884  ;  ret.,  40. 

(114) 


OThampUn,  Stephen. 

1839.     SOUTH  GLASTONBURY. 

(Chapman,  Isaiah. 

1792.     BRISTOL. 
Original  Member. 


(fluids, 

1871.     ENFIELD. 
M.  1).,  Harvard,  1870.      Expelled,  1873. 

(thilrts,  Samuel  JBcvcsfovrt. 

1888.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  V.,  1887.     A.  I!.,  Yale,  1883. 

(Chi  Ids,  Scth  i;cc. 

1846.     EAST  HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Woodstock,  Vt.,  1835.      Member  Middlesex  Co.   Mod.  Society, 
1838.     Died,  1887. 

(Chub  lux  cK,  lohu. 

1822.     WAREHOUSE  POINT. 

(Chuvch,  ±tcnvii. 

1846.     POQUONOCK. 
Moved  to  New  Haven,  1848. 


1857.     NEW  BRITAIN. 

M.   D.,  Yale,  1857.     N.  Y.   Med.  Coll.,   1857.      A.    I'..,   Dartmouth, 
1852.     Surgeon  13th  Reg't,  C.  V.,  1863. 


(Cogsxuctl,  pcason  25itclt. 

1792.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1818;  B.  A.  1780.  M.  A.,  Yale,  1788.  Corporator  of 
Conn.  Med.  Society,  1792.  Pres.  Conn.  Med.  Society,  1812-1821.  Died, 
1830;  set.,  69. 

(115) 


(Colxolixn,  ittichacl  Humes. 

1877.      NEW   BRITAIN. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1865. 

(Colcmixn,  Asixph. 

1792.     GLASTONBURY. 

Original  Member.      Army  Surgeon  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution.      Hon- 
orably dismissed,  1809.     Died,  Nov.  15,  1820  ;  ret.,  73. 

(Collins,  JUphcxxs  05. 

1808.     WEST  HARTFORD. 

(Collins,  uoUUuxm  Svoicn. 

1871.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Harvard,  1866.     Moved  to  Haverhill,  Mass. 

(Comings,  3Bcnjamin  Bciuton. 

1853.     NEW  BRITAIN. 

M.  D.,  Castleton,  Vt.,  1845.     Surgeon  13th  Reg't,  C.  V.,  1862.     Mem- 
ber of  Tolland  Co.  Med.  Society,  1848.     Pres.  Conn.  Med.  Society,  1884. 

(ComstocU,  HoTxn  gcc. 

1818.     HARTFORD. 
Army  Surgeon,  war  of  1812. 

(Canuevsc,  iitoscplx  2?xncle. 

1829.     ENFIELD. 
Hon.  deg.  M.  D.,  Yale,  1848.     Died,  1888. 

(Cooflixn,  ftoscpfc  JUbevt 

1876.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1876.     Moved  to  Windsor  Locks.  1887. 

(Co01i,  .Ansel  ©ranuitlc. 

1889.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1887. 

(116) 


(Took,  I2vastxxs  FvanUUu. 

1822.     WETHERSFIELD. 

Died,  1872. 


(Took,  ijvxcnrt. 

1822. 

M.  D'.,  Vale,  1821.     A.  B.,  Union,  1S19.      Moved   to   New  Haven  Co. 
Died,  1857. 

(Dovson,  AcTam  (TUxvU. 

1873.     HARTFORD. 
M.  I).,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1866.     Died,  Oct.  6,  1S73  ;  ret.,  to. 


(Cvitnc, 

1827.     HARTFORD. 


1840.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Castleton,  Vt.,  1834. 


1869      HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1869. 

(S  vein  in,  i^aiuvcncc  lUichacl. 

1884.     NEW  BRITAIN. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y..  1881. 

CVCSSIT,  IXcralx. 

1881.     HARTFORD. 

M.    D.,   Berkshire,   1862.      Member  of    Middlesex    Co.    Med.    Society. 
1869.     V.  S.,  McGill  Univ.,  1878.     Ph.  D.,  Univ.  Vt.,  187*. 

(Evassfxclrt,  2*vcrtmclv  ^ 

1879.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1878. 

(117) 


(Cvothcvs,  ^homus  lUuUscm. 

1878.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Albany,  1865. 

Ctariuleij,  MUUUxm  Bohncs. 

1891.     COLLINSVILLE. 

M.  D.,  Buffalo  Med.  Coll.,  1890. 

(Cuvtis,  ^Jonathan  J»tv 

1855.     HARTFORD. 
Dismissed,  1859. 


(txxtlcv, 

1866.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Harvard,  1863.     Moved  to  Waltham,  Mass. 


Daniels, 

1840.     WAREHOUSE  POINT. 

is,  (Sxxstaxnxs  ^?x 

1871.     HARTFORD. 
M.  I).,  Coll.  P.  and  S..  N'e\v  York,  1869.     B.  A.,  Vale,  1866. 


1883.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  \'.,  1882. 


,  Ikreacc  ©amilhxs. 

1887.     NEW  BRITAIN. 

M.   D.,  Univ.   N.   Y.,   1885.     Asst.  Phys.  New  York  Polyclinic,  1886. 
Moved  to  Scranton,  Pa. 


1836.     BRISTOL. 
M.  I).,  Yale,  1835.     B.  A.,  Yale,  1832.     Died,  1858. 

(118) 


apjemxttg,  MlUUum. 

1882.      HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1856.  Member  I.itchtield  Co.  Med.  Society,  1S50. 
Returned  to  Litchtiekl,  1884.  Pres.  Conn.  Med.  Society,  1W1.  Died, 
1891. 

ilcutscm,  (Thuvles. 

1871.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  Vt.,  1869.  A.  B.,  Williams,  1867.  Prof,  of  Diseases  of 
the  Chest,  and  of  Climatology,  Univ.  Denver,  Co!.  Moved  to  Denver, 
Col. 

tleniscm,  $c*cmiaft  £ouwscml. 

1831.     WAREHOUSE  POINT. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1828.  B.  A.,  M.  A.,  Yale,  1824.  Moved  to  Kairtkdd 
Co.  Died,  1879. 

iicntui;  ^Jixmcs  Hcnvy. 

1873.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Harvard,  1867.  A.  B.,  A.  M.,  Dartmouth,  1859.  Supt.  of 
Retreat,  1873.  Moved  to  Boston,  Mass. 


iiibblc,  llicharrt. 

1808.     GLASTONBURY. 

iHmcrcli,  3itnicl  ^Xvight. 

1871.     SUFFIELD. 
M.  D.,  Dartmouth.  1867. 


Hoclcjc,  Ha  nut 

1831.     HARTFORD. 

M.   D.,  Yale,    1826.     Member  of  Fairlield  Co.    Med.   Society,    1S27. 
Died,  1869. 

Howling,  2kihn  2*vixn.cis. 

1891.     THOMPSONVILLE. 

M.  D.,  L.  I.  Coll.  Hosp.,  1890. 

(119) 


Ho  ion,  I^rtxuin  Axxxjxxstxxs. 

1891.      HARTFORD. 

M.  1).,  Coll.  ]'.  and  S.,  New  York,  1887.      Member  of   Middlesex  Co. 
Med.  Society,  1888. 

tUtnbuv,  i£cUmn  l^tovvis. 

1869.     HARTFORD. 

M.  I).,  Harvard,  1868.      J5.  S.,  Dartmouth,  186.").      Died,  Jan.  '21,  1876  ; 
xt.,  34. 

tUu  i  ejltt,  Jtathani  d. 

1795.     HARTFORD. 

Licensed   by   the  Conn.    Med.    Society,    1795.      Moved    to    Colchester, 
1800.     Died,  June  11,  1821  ;  Eet.,  61. 

,  go  hn. 

1875.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  V.,  1871. 


gastott,  I^Xovton  ISlitZlam. 

1868.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  1'.  and  S.,  New  York,  1867.      Moved  to  Philadelphia. 


1883.     SIMSBURY. 
M.  D.,  Dartmouth,  1880. 


1870.     GRAN  BY. 

M.  D.]  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1862.     Asst.  Surg.  U.  S.  Hosp.,  1862.     Assigned 
to  Med.  Dep't  of  Freedman's  liureau,  1865.     Died,  Oct.  6,  1884. 


gclls,  Ipjctatf. 

1824.     SIMSBURY. 
Hon.  'cleg.  M.  D.,  Yale,  1833.     Died,  1846. 

(120) 


,  HHnclmcy  aSleluvtev. 

1840.     HARTFORD. 

M.  I).,  Coll.  I',  and  S.,   New   York,  1S39.      B.  A.,  M.  A.,  Vale,   ls:}6. 
Surgeon  U.  S.  V.,  1861. 


I£ltcm, 

1841.     BURLINGTON. 
M.  D.,  Berkshire,  1838.      Died,  1866. 

•gnsign,  (Chivvies  MlcUcsky. 

1845.     TARIFFVILLE. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1844.     Died,  1863. 


1875.     BERLIN. 
M.  1).,  Albany  Med.  Coll.,  1857.     Asst.  Surg.  6th  Reg't,  C.  V.,  1861. 


1848.     NORTH  GRANBY. 
M.  D.,  Vale,  1842. 


1792.     SIMSBURY. 
Original  Member.      Hon.  deg.  M.  D.,  Vale,  1816.      Died,  1822. 


1814.     CANTON. 


1805.     ENFIELD. 


Hon.   deg.   M.   D.,  Conn.    Med.   Society,   1816.     H.    A.,   Vale,    17S5. 
Original  Member  of  Tolland  Co.  Med.  Society,  1792.      Died,  1822. 


1833.     BURLINGTON. 
M.  D.,  Vale,  1829.     Died,  1867. 

(121) 


,  William. 

1843.     BURLINGTON. 


Finch,  (Scovcjc  gcviuUUgcv. 

1881.     THOMPSONVILLE. 
M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1877.     A.  B.,  M.  A.,  Hobert,  1875-7*. 


I+istx,  gXiaMm. 

1792.     HARTFORD. 

Corporator  of  the  Conn.   Med.   Society.     M.  D.,  Conn.  Med.  Society, 
1802.     B.  A.,  Yale,  1760.     Died,  May  7,  1804  ;  ret.,  63. 


1845.     WAREHOUSE  POINT. 


M.  D.,  Univ.  Pa.,  1842.     A.  M.,  Trinity,  1867.     Died,  April2,  1883 
ret.,  66. 


Hskc,  ^saa 

1878.     SOUTHINGTON. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1875. 


l+lajjxj, 

1792.     EAST   HARTFORD. 
Corporator  of  the  Conn.  Med.  Society.     Honorably  Dismissed,  1805. 

,  jlaimtjct,  gr. 

1792.     EAST  HARTFORD. 
Original  Member.     Moved  from  the  State,  1795. 


1883.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1881. 


1885.     WETHERSFIELD. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1883. 

(122) 


1852.     WETHERSFIELD. 
M.  I).,  Univ.  N.  V.,  1847. 


4+vecraan,  ©tvxit  ijavnabas. 

1822.     COLLINSVILLE. 
Member  of  Litchtield  Co.  Med.  Society, 


1882.     SIMSBURY. 


4*vcnchr 

1 
M.  D.,  Univ.  Vt.,  1877.      .Moved  to  Milford,  Mass. 


2*vcrclich,  GHxavlcs  I*cUu;xvcl. 

1875.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  Copenhagen,  1870. 

3*\\lltv,  laixicl. 

1807.     ROCKY  HILL. 
Hon.  deg.  M.  D.,  Yale,  1831.     Died,  1843. 

gxxllcv,  ^oracc  jlnxith. 

1866.     HARTFORD. 

M.   D.,  Coll.    P.  and  S.,   New  York,   1865.     A.    B.,   Amherst,   185S  ; 
A.  M.,  1861. 


,  Samuel 

1842.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1842.     Died,  1847. 


Ifxxllcv,  JlUas. 

1835.     HARTFORD. 

Hon.  deg.  M.  D.,  Yale,  1823.  Army  Surgeon,  war  1812.  Member 
Tolland  Co.  Med.  Society,  1814.  Member  \Vimlham  Co.  Med.  Society, 
1818.  Supt.  Retreat  for  Insane,  1835.  1'res.  Conn.  Med.  Society,  1887. 
Died,  Oct.  22,  1847;  xt.,  72. 

(123) 


2*uUcv,  Stephen  i£rtu.nml. 

1858.      HARTFORD. 

M.    D.,  Coll.   P.   and   S.,    New  York,  1858.      Surgeon  U.  S.  V.  .  1H64. 
Moved  to  Brooklyn,  N.  V. 

Fultcv,  Stephen  itcnvy. 

1856.     HARTFORD. 
Moved  to  Pleasant  Lake,  Ind. 


3Jullcvr 

1838.     WEST  HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1826.      Member  Tolland  Co.  Med.  Society,  1829.      Died 
1843. 

©ilfocvt,  Bjenvy. 

1850.     SOUTH  GLASTONBURY. 


©illctt,  Bav 

1830.     EAST  WINDSOR. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1829. 


OMIlin, 

1887.     BERLIN. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1883. 


1879.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Woman's  Med.  Coll.,  New  York,  1872. 


(Sou  (l  vie  to, 

1855.     SOUTH   WINDSOR. 


<&vatoam, 

1851.     BRISTOL. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1847. 

(124) 


(Gvaugcv,  Amos. 

1792.     SUFFIELD. 
Original  Member. 

<5vant,  Heavy  JUtcn. 

1844.      HARTFORD. 

M.    I).,    Baltimore  Med.  Coll.     A.  M.,  Hamilton,  185*.     1.  1..  I!.,  Co- 
lumbia, 1860.     M.  A.,  Vale,  1861.      Died,  Nov.  30,  18*4  ;  ix-t.,  71. 


(Dvavi,  Hcixvii. 

1850.     BLOOMFIELD. 
M.  I).,  Dartmouth,  1848. 

OSvccn,  gxlxuavtl  ^. 

1874.     NEW  BRITAIN. 
M.  1).,  Albany,  1872. 


.1826.     BERLIN. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1820.      H.  A.,  Yale,  181").     Died,  Nov.  9,  1864  ;  ret.,  7','. 


1851.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1850.     B.  A.,  Yale,   1847.     Died,   March  29,1851  ; 


25. 


1892.     COLLINSVILLE. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  Boston,  1889.     A.  M.,  Wesleyan,  1886. 

irjgsr  (OXiucv  SSuvnham. 

1848.     POQUONOCK. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1847.     Moved  to  Willimantic. 

03vxsiut>IxTr  iirtiuuvxl  ^ammond. 

1890.     EAST   HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1878.     Member  of  Middlesex  Co.  Med.  Society, 
1879. 

(125) 


1792.     EAST   HARTFORD. 
Original  Member.      Died,  1821. 


1880.     GLASTONBURY. 
M.  I).,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1880. 


1877.     MANCHESTER. 


M.    D.,   Univ.  N.  V.,  1875.      Member  of  Middlesex  Co.  Med.  Society, 
1876.     Moved  to  West  Haven,  New  Haven  Co. 


1854.     ROCKY  HILL. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1854. 


1792.     GLASTONBURY. 
Original  Member.      Moved  from  the  State,  1801. 

Ball,  Ju;jcMbatd. 

1818.     NEWINGTON. 
Dismissed,  1828. 

Ball,  ©txaxxitjcjexj  ^xtstiw. 

1855.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  Pa.,  1837.     Died,  May,  1856,  Madison,  Wis. 

ilaXI,  ^Zi. 

1839.     EAST   H-ARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Hanover  Med.  Coll.     Died,  June  8,  1856;  xt.,  71. 


1863.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Jefferson,  1857.     Died,  1866  ;  xt.,  29. 

(126) 


Ball,  'i'imothy. 

1792.      EAST    HARTFORD. 

M.  I).,  Conn.  Med.  Society,  1812.      Died,  1844. 

Bamlin,  (Chester. 

1823.     EAST  GRANBY. 
Hon.  cleg.  M.  D.,  Yale,  1856.     Died,  Oct.  5,  1*72  ;  rot.,  77. 

Bammonrt,  (Cornelius  I|Xi,U\h. 

1852.     GLASTONBURY. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1848.      Member  of  Tolland  Co.  Med.  Society,  1848. 
Removed  to  Portland,  Middlesex  Co.,  1870.      Died,  Sept.  17,  1888  ;  a-t  ,  (54. 

Bart,  (Charles  iEjLcmingtou. 

1866.     HARTFORD. 

M.   D.,  Coll.   P.   andS.,   New  York.    1859.     Asst.  Surg.  10th    Keg't, 
C.  V.,  1861.      Promoted  Surgeon,  1865.      Removed  to  Fairtield  Co. 


lbert 

IN 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1838. 


1841.     SOUTHINGTON. 


art,  Jtenry  (Cyprian. 

1826.     BERLIN. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1826.     Died,  1831. 


;Bart,  S 

1813.     WINTONBURY. 


1792.     FARMINGTON. 
Original  Member.      Surgeon  U.  S.  Navy.      Died  at  sea,  1797. 

Bart,  2»0fen  ^. 

1814.     WINTONBURY. 

(127) 


Bart,  ffcrsicifc. 

1792.     WETHERSFIELD. 
Corporator  of  the  Conn.  Med.  Society.      Moved  from  the  State,  1796. 


1831.     HARTFORD. 


1819.     BERLIN. 
Hon.  deg.  M.  D.,  Yale,  1830.     Died,  1863. 

,  J»aimxcl  ^HaXtljo. 

1856.     NEW  BRITAIN. 

M.   D.,  Yale,  1855;  Physician  at  the  Retreat,  1846  to  1856.      Died, 
Dec.  31,  1891. 

Castings,  SPanct  ffclaicslxall. 

1854.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Coll.   P.  and  S.,   New  York,  1842.     A.  B.,  A.  M.,  Hamilton, 
1838. 


1837.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1836.  B.  A.,  Yale,  1833.  Physician  at  the  Retreat, 
1836-1840.  Founder  of  Hartford  Hospital  and  Old  People's  Home.  Died, 
April  18,  1883;  xt.,  71. 


1869.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1868.     Moved  to  Chicago. 


1842.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1842.     Died,  Dec.,  1867  ;  xt.,  55. 


,  ghoraas  ©v 

1841.     CANTON. 
M.  D.,  Dartmouth,  1839.     Died,  1875. 

(128) 


HcvvicU,  ilohu  HH 

1833.     WAREHOUSE  POINT. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1828.     B.  A.,  Vale,  1S24.     Died,  1S4S. 

Hiocjins,  ffoscph. 

1793.     STEPNEY  (ROCKY  HiLLJ 
Died,  1797. 

Hillyev,  JVsa. 

1792.     SIMSBURY. 
Original  Member.     Died,  1840. 


BUlycv,  -Rosace. 

1794.     GRAN  BY. 
Honorably  Dismissed,  1810. 

Holmes,  (Gcovgc  Barnes. 

.1883.     NEW  BRITAIN. 
M.  D.,  Albany,  1882. 

Holmes,  Henvvj. 

1834.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1825;  and  Coll.  P.  and   S.,    New   York,    1831.      Member 
of  Middlesex  Co.  Med.  Society,  1826.     Died,  July  :J1,  1870;  net.,  75. 


Holt,  ilamcl. 

1836.     SOUTH  GLASTONBURY. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1835.     Moved  to  New  Haven.     Died,  1883. 


1792.     BRISTOL. 
Original  Member.      Died,  Jan.,  1810. 


1823. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1817.     Died  in  Longmeadow,  Mass.,  May  14,  1884. 

(129) 


1792.      HARTFORD. 

Corporator  of  the  Conn.  Med.  Society.      Hon.  cleg.  M.  D.,  Yale,  1784. 
Died,  1804;  xt.,  54. 

mt,  Wiilimm 

1880.     BRISTOL. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1879. 


llJkmgTttxrtt,  J3»i 

1890.     HAZARDVILLE. 
M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1879.     Member  of  Tolland  Co.  Med.  Society,   1886. 


1892.     WETHERSFIELD. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1891. 


1883.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Dartmouth,  1881. 


attf,  Wiillmm. 

1879      AVON. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1875. 


1876.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  Vt.,  1873,  and  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1875. 


1830.     GLASTONBURY. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1829.     Practiced  in  Bloomfield    1832  to  1834.     Moved 
to  Clinton,  Middlesex  Co.     Died,  Aug.  12,  1874;  xt.,  69. 


1828.     WINTONBURY. 
Removed  to  Torrington,  Litchfield  Co.     Died,  Dec.  31,  1880. 

(130) 


Hudson,  xtciUUuxm  ItttUev. 

1866.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Jefferson,  1855.     B.  A.,  Vale.  lS.->:5. 

Hurjcjins,  MUUiam  Heavy. 

1823.     WEST   HARTLAND. 

Moved  to  Mass. 

Humplxvcu,  iPhclps. 

1823.     HARTLAND. 

Hunacvfovrt,  jUlim  fttcvviiun. 

1840.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1839.     Member  of  New  Haven  Co.  Society,  1889.     Died, 
1883. 


Hunt, 

1840.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Jefferson,  1838.     Sup't  of  Retreat  for  the  Insane,  1842.      Died, 
May  2,  1889;  ret.,  79. 

Hunt,  ©win. 

1833.     GLASTONBURY. 

Member  of  Tolland  Co.  Med.  Society,  1S23.     Died,  Aut;.,  1850;  ret., 
52. 

JtuvUntt,  <Sc0v0c  JVImurin. 

1867.     GLASTONBURY. 

M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  185G.      Surgeon,  1st  C.  Y.  Cavalry, 
1864.     Died,  Oct.  10,  1882;  ret.,  49. 


1795.     HARTFORD. 

Licensed  by  the  Conn.   Med.   Society,  1795.     Hon.  deg.  M.  1).,  Yale, 
1824.     Moved  to  Ellington,  Tolland  Co.,  1796.     Died,  1855  ;  ret.,  82. 

BijxTc,  Icftaboxt. 

1818.     ENFIELD. 

(131) 


1792.     HARTFORD. 
Original  Member.      Moved  from  the  State,  1802. 

InxjaUs,  ^Ixincas  Bcnvir. 

1883.     HARTFORD. 

M.   D.,   Coll.    P.   and  S.,   New   York,   1880.      A.    B.,    Bowdoin,    1877. 
A.  M.,  Bowdoin,  1885. 

I/cuing,  jlamxxct  '^ 

1892.     NEW  BRITAIN. 
M.  D.,  Vale,  1891. 

3jU.cs,  Jtomnev. 

1832.     SUFFIELD. 


Died,  1844. 


1848.     HARTFORD. 


M.   D.,  Jefferson,    1847.     A.    B.,   Dartmouth,   1844.     Died,    Felx    7, 
1882  ;  xt.  ,  64. 


1867.     HARTFORD. 

M.   D.,   Univ.   N.   Y.,   1860;     Asst.   Surgeon  1st  C.  V.  Cavalry,  1861. 
Surgeon  7th  Reg't,  C.  V.,  1862. 


1792.     WINTONBURY. 
Original  Member.     Died,  1803. 


1792.     GRANBY. 
Original  Member.      Honorably  Dismissed,  1795. 

(132) 


ileiuctt,  •ifoseplt  5+vixnKUn. 

1840.     GRANBY. 

Licensed  by  Conn.  Mecl.  Society,  1812.      lion.  (leg.  M.  !>.,  Vale,  Is-Jl. 
Died,  1860;  ;vt.,  72. 


1862.     WINDSOR  LOCKS. 
Asst.  Surgeon  14th  Reg't,  C.  V.,  1862.     Wounded,  Aug.  25,  1864. 


ifalxns0n,  gtxmcl  JUuicjlxt 

1885.     NEW  BRITAIN. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  V.,  1883. 


•Sfalmson,  ^VXiw 

1880.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1877.     B.  Ph.,  Brown  Univ.,  1870. 


1848.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1844.     Died,  April  25,  1854,  at  West  Jefferson,  Ohi 

IJoixes,  £pxitcw0ix. 

1817.     GRANBY. 

Died,  1821. 


1840.     SOUTHINGTON. 


gixxtxt,  gaixatTtatx  5. 

1804.     GRANBY. 
Honorably  Dismissed,  1806. 


Katxe,  gtxoraas 

1889.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1887. 

(133) 


,  23  en  a  clam. 

1840.     CANTON. 

Member  of  New  Haven  Co.  Med.  Society,  1833.     Died,  1853. 

Itcan,  gouisa  g.  gatnxstadt. 

1891.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Woman's  Med.  Coll.,  Pa.,  1887. 

|£etl.cr00,  Alfvccl. 

1823.     AVON. 
Hon.  deg.  M.  D.,  Yale,  1843.     P>.  A.,  Yale,  1818.     Died,  1870. 


,  ©tiuev 

1855.     WEST  SUFFIELD. 
M.  D.,  Jefferson,  1842. 


1863.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  Berlin,  Ger.,  1855.     Moved  to  New  York  City. 


1823.     MARLBOROUGH. 

Ipssara,  ^licTxavtt 

1830.     HARTFORD. 


M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1830.  A.  M.,  Trinity,  1850. 
Prof.  Surgery,  Castleton  Med.  Coll.  Died  in  New  York,  Nov.  28,  1861  ; 
ret.,  53. 


|£ittt:jefl0jc, 

1844.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Harvard,  1826.     Died,  1881. 


£m0Tttr 

1877.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1876. 

(134) 


I\ob,  (Chiivlcs  2*  vim  cts. 

1852.     HARTFORD. 
Moved  to  Kansas,  1858. 

i\cicvnbixclxf  2(itccrb  3X. 

1855.     HARTFORD. 
Died  in  New  York,  1859. 

lice,  03vixTxam. 

1847.     WINDSOR. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1847.     Moved  to  Litchtield  Co.,  1848. 

gcjc,  flutm  Km**). 

1832.  NEW  BRITAIN. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1829.     B.  A.,  Yale,  1826.     Died,  1884. 

lice,  £1x0  mas  (50  act  vic  It. 

1833.  HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1830.     Died,  1836. 

gccmtvxt,  |£lbvUt0c  SCttcuuUcm. 

1866.     BROAD  BROOK. 

Licensed  by  the  Conn.  Med.  Society,  1866.     Moved  to  Rockville,  T 
land  Co. 


1875.     COLLINSVILLE. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1865. 


1830.     FARMINGTON. 


enamn. 

1870.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1853.  Member  Tolland  Co.  Med.  Society,  1855. 
Surgeon  5th  Reg't,  C.  V.,  1861.  Surgeon  U.  S.  V.,  1862-1865.  Bvt. 
Lieut.-Col.,  U.  S.  V.,  1865. 

(135) 


3£exxr.is,  TOUUam  ijcvaixlrt. 

1882.     HARTFORD. 

M.  I).,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1878.  A.  M.,  Olivet,  Mich., 
1883.  Pres.  Amer.  Soc.  Microscopists,  1889.  Moved  to  New  York  City, 
1892. 


1829.     ENFIELD. 


iidomxs,  3J<t.c0b  (Osmxjn. 

1833.     EAST  HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Bowdoin,  1832.      Moved  to  Branford,  New  Haven  Co. 

j£00misr  TtEUUam  (Diiixs. 

1832.     EAST  HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1831.     Died,  1836. 


1867.     PLAINFIELD. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1866.     Died,  1879. 


Itow,  Sam  xx  c  I  ^. 

1844.     HARTFORD. 


i  i  , 

1851.     HARTFORD. 


1884.     TARIFFVILLE. 

M.   D.,  Nat'l  Med.  Coll.,  Washington,  D.  C.,  1875.     Moved  to  Mai- 
den, Mass. 


1813.     GLASTONBURY. 

Hon.  deg.  M.  D.,  Yale,  1831.     Moved  to  Litchfield  Co.,  1830.     Died, 
April  20,  1851  ;  set.,  64. 

(136) 


1868.     NEW  BRITAIN. 
M.  D.,  Berkshire,  1862. 


iTcm,     vung 

1865.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  Vt.,  1862,  and  Coll.  1'.  and  S.,  New  York,  186:5. 


mamx,  ffcX 

1880.     HARTFORD. 

M.   D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1871.      I>>.  A.,  1867,  M.  A.,  1871. 
Yale.      Prof.  Obstet.  and  Gynecol.,  Univ.  Buffalo.      Moved  to  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


IVtavctr,  gva 

1838.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Jefferson,  1837.     Moved  to  New  York  City,  1847. 


atfiTxam,  (Scovcje 

1883.     BURNSIDE. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1882. 

ax'slxall,  gtislxa  <Savit0vcl. 

1833.     WINDSOR. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1831.     Died,  1855. 


1867.    SUFFIELD. 
M.  D.,  Harvard,  1861.     B.  A.,  1855,  M.  A.,  1859,  Yale. 


1792.     EAST  WINDSOR. 
Corporator  of  the  Conn.  Mecl.  Society.     Honorably  Dismissed,  1802. 


1792      EAST  WINDSOR. 


Corporator  of  the  Conn.    Med  Society.     B.   A.,   M.  A.,   Yale,    1763. 
Died,  1823. 

(137) 


x,  William  B 

1872.     SUFFIELD. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  X.  Y.,  1862.  B.  A.,  1859,  M.  A.,  1866,  Yale.  Asst. 
Surgeon  173d  Reg't,  N.  Y.  V.,  1862.  Surgeon  U.  S.  Colored  V.  Artil., 
1864.  Bvt.  Lieut.-Col.,  U.  S.  V.,  1865.  Died,  May  22,  1888  ;  set.,  54. 


1890.     BURNSIDE. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  Yt.,  1885. 

,  IXaiTxarx. 

1866.     HARTFORD. 
M.    D.,   Cincinnati   Mecl.    Coll.,   1857.      Surgeon  16th   Reg't,  C.  V.. 


1863. 


1822.     HAMDEN. 


1842.     MARLBOROUGH. 
Moved  to  Columbia,  Tollancl  Co.,  1846. 


1836.     MARLBOROUGH. 
Died,  1884. 


games. 

1879.     EAST  HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1879.     B.  A.,  Yale,  1876. 


1889.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1888.     Died,  Feb.  27,  1892  ;  set.,  29. 

^Exxgpetije  Hetix;xj. 

1881.     BERLIN. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  Mich.,  1878.     Moved  to  Orondo,  Wash. 

(138) 


1867.     HARTFORD. 
M.  IX,  Yale,  1806.     Moved  to  Ohio. 


,  gU  £0x1x1. 

1833.     BRISTOL. 
M.  I).,  Yale,  1833.     Died,  1867. 


rviman,  gitus. 

1792.     FARMINGTON. 
Original  Member.      Honorably  Dismissed,  1802. 


1886.     HARTFORD. 
M..D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  Bait.,  1886. 


IgTxinjeas  £h«0tlxii. 

1838.     ROCKY  HILL. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1835.     Died,  1850. 


1848.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Brown  Univ.     Died,  Oct.  20,  1873;  ret.,  70. 


1846.     PLAINVILLE. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1844.     Died,  Nov.  23,  1877  ;  xt.,  56. 

KoTxtx  ^Txutc. 

1852.     BRISTOL. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1852.     Died,  1868. 


1792.     HARTFORD. 
Original  Member.     Died,  1838. 

(139) 


2>I0vcjanr  loXUUam  H.cniscw. 

1880.      HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1876.      A.  B.,  Trinity,  1872. 


1831.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1820.     Died,  1839. 


1851.     WINDSOR. 
M.   D.,  Coll.   P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1847.     Died,  July  18,  1873  ;  xt. 


53. 


1885.     HARTFORD. 

M.    D.,    Univ.    N.    Y.,   1884.     A.  B.,  Villanova,   Pa.,   1882;  A.   M. 
1893. 

'g&Qivc  g  iff  ami. 

1885.     EAST  HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  Vt.,  1877. 


rt0nf  fames  11 

1829.     WINTONBURY. 
Died,  1844. 


1792.     GLASTONBURY. 
Original  Member.     Died,  1811. 


1792.     SOUTHINGTON. 
Original  Member.      Honorably  Dismissed,  1802. 


1861.     SUFFIELD. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1851.     Surgeon  10th  Reg't,  C.  V.,  1862. 

(140) 


(Gvosbiy. 

1878.      EAST    HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Berkshire,  1854.      Moved  to  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

2X0btc,  CSidcmx. 

1802.     SOUTH  GLASTONBURY. 
Original  Member  Middlesex  Co.  Med.  Society,  1792.      Died,  1807. 

2*cr*tTtf  ^ittritt  |8each. 

1863.     NEW  BRITAIN. 

M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  Fail-field,  N.  Y.,  1829.  Member  of  Litchtiel. 
Co.  Med.  Society,  1829,  until  his  death,  with  the  exception  of  1863  am 
1864  in  New  Britain.  Died,  July  12,  1876  ;  set.,  72. 


1855.     BRISTOL. 
Member  of  Litchfield  Co.  Med.  Society,  1837.     Died,  185(5  ;  a-t.,  46. 


tmts. 

1829.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1834.     B.  A.,  Yale,  1813.     Died,  1856. 


1873.     NEW  BRITAIN. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  Pa.,  1852.     Died,  April  8,  1874  ;  ;vt.,  42. 


1866.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Albany,  1864.     Surgeon  170th  Keg't,  N.  Y.  V.,  1804. 


1792.     WETHERSFIELD. 

Original  Member.     Surgeon  in  Army  of  the  Revolution.      Died,  1814 
62. 

(141) 


OHmsleaxI,  fj 

1846.     WAREHOUSE  POINT. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  X.  Y.,  1843.     Died,  Aug.  9,  1864  ;  xt.,  44. 


(OltnstexT,  Beu^xj  |£ing. 

1853.     EAST   HARTFORD. 

M.   D.,  Coll.    P.    and   S.,   New   York,   1851.     A.  B..    Trinity,   1846. 
Honorably  Dismissed,  1867.     Moved  to  Beverly,  Mass. 


n,  |>X0scs 

1840.     EAST  WINDSOR. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1838.     Died,  1863. 


(Dtis, 

1886.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Harvard,  1883.     Died,  1889. 


1880.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  Vt.,  1874.     Moved  to  Colorado  Springs,  Col. 


1878.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Harvard,  1870.      Moved  to  Danvers,   Mass.      Sup't  Hospital 
for  Insane,  Danvers. 


xtc  ^iQa  xTe  ©jcnctex,  (&.  &. 

1871.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  Salvador,  1868. 

ga*ett  WLUitfizW. 

1819.     BRISTOL. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1818.     B.  A.,  Yale,  1816.     Died,  Jan.  7,  1867  ;  ast.,  75. 


avI-ueK,  gxtlian 

1873.     SOUTH  MANCHESTER. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1867.     Member  of  Tolland  Co.  Med.  Society,  1868. 

(142) 


1878.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  L.  I.  Coll.  Hospital,  1869;  D.  M.  D. 


1865.     THOMPSONVILLE. 
M.  I).,  Coll.  I',  and  S.,  New  York,  1S58  ;  A.  15.,  Williams,  1*48. 

incase,  2~exn  Smith. 

1855.     THOMPSONVILLE. 
M.  I).,  Univ.  Pa.,  1846. 


^cvciuat,  Brands. 

1821.     WEST  HARTFORD. 

2?cvjciuat,  games. 

1793.     BERLIN. 
Honorably  Dismissed,  1802. 

*?evcixmlr  games  (Sates. 

1821.     KENSINGTON. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1820.  B.  A.,  Yale,  1815.  Asst.  Surgeon  U.  S.  A. 
1824.  Prof.  Chem.  and  Geol.,  U.  S.  Military  Acad.,  1S24.  Appointe 
Geologist  of  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  1854.  Died,  May  2,  1*50;  a-t.,  (>1. 


1792.     WEST  HARTFORD. 
Original  Member.     Honorably  Dismissed,  1807. 


2?ete£s, 

1830.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1830.     Died,  1885. 


1837.    SUFFIELD. 
Died,  1838. 

(143) 


f^cuxrlauxl. 

1831.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1825.     Founder  of   the    Conn.   Mutual    Life  Ins.  Co. 
1846.     Died,  March  18,  1869  ;  set.,  67. 


,  Wiillfam 

1819.     WINDSOR. 

M.  D.,  Dartmouth,  1813.     B.  A.,  Yale,   1808.     Died,  July  16,  1860; 
set.,  73. 


1892.     ROCKY  HILL. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1891. 


1865.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  Leipzig,  and  Yale,  1869.     Died,  April  3,  1877  ;  xt.,  46. 

|lamjes  ©tts. 

1822.     EAST  GRANBY. 
Hon.  deg.  M.  D.,  Yale,  1827.     Died,  1881. 


1824.     WEST  HARTFORD. 


1829.     WEST  HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1824.     B.  A.,  Yale,  1821.     Died,  1866. 


1852.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  Buffalo,  1851.     Moved  to  Litchfield,  1870. 


1885.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Chicago  Med.  Coll.,  1881. 

(144) 


1792.      FARMINGTON. 

Original  Member.      Moved  to  New  Haven,  1797. 


,  2U.itv.cus. 

1807.     GRANBY. 

Honorably  Dismissed,  1811. 

,  •JJ0Vm  'SSaptist. 

1892.     NEW  BRITAIN. 
M.  D.,  Dartmouth,  1886. 


3t?ViXtt,    03C 

1805.     EAST  HARTFORD. 
Honorably  Dismissed,  1817. 

^vestcm,  gtcnvii  (Canficlrt. 

1844.     WINDSOR. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  V.,  1844.     Moved  to  St.  John.   N.   15.  ,  Nov.,  1847. 
Died,  1893. 

39vcston,  JklcUu  Obtain  f0vrt. 

1854.     HARTFORD. 

M.   D.,   Berkshire,   1840.      Member  of  Windham    Co.    Med.    Society 
1841. 

^LaitTviu,  (thwcl&s  0500x1  vich. 

1892.     GLASTONBURY. 

M.  D.,  Chicago  Med.  Coll.,  1886. 


1794.     POQUONOCK. 
Moved  to  New  London  Co. 


1800.     EAST  WINDSOR. 

Hon.  deg.  M.  D.,  Yale,  1822.     Original  Member  of  Tolland  Co.  Mu 
Society,  1792.     Died,  1847. 

(145) 


1804.     GLASTONBURY. 


1828.     EAST  WINDSOR. 
M.  D.(  Middlebury,  Vt.,  1826.     Died,  1877. 


1847.     SUFFIELD. 
M.  D  ,  Berkshire,  1826.     Died,  1884  ;  xt.,  83. 


1871.     SOUTH  GLASTONBURY. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1868. 


1849.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Vt.  Med.  Coll.,  Woodstock,  1848.     Moved  to  N.  Y.,  Jan.  28, 
1850. 


1848.     THOMPSONVILLE. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1846.     Moved  to  Rockville,  Tolland  Co. 


1830.     ROCKY  HILL. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1829.     Died,  1876. 


1880.     COLLINSVILLE. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1878. 


1834.     WETHERSFIELD. 

Died,  1846. 


1828.     GLASTONBURY. 

(146) 


^ocluuctl,  $hU0  (Gitciuu 

1850.     NEW  BRITAIN. 
Moved  to  Waterbury,  New  Haven  Co. 


ilcr.cluvrcll,  laclnciT 

1844.     EAST  WINDSOR. 
Hon.  cleg.  M.  D.,  Yale,  ISoo.     Died,  May  17,  1890  ;  ret.,  72. 


1833.     HARTFORD. 


M.  D.,  Vale,   1831.      Member  of  Middlesex  Co.   Mecl.    Society,   1831. 
Sup't  Vt.  Asylum  for  Insane.     Died,  1873. 


1839.     HARTFORD. 
Hon.  cleg.  M.  D.,  Yale,  1845.     Died,  Oct.  17,  1859  ;  cut.,  80. 


|&00t, 

1883.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1879. 


|i£00t, 

1885.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1883.     B.   S.,   Mass.   State  Coll., 
1876.     S.  B.,  Boston  Univ.,  1876. 


1792.    SOUTH  INGTON. 
Original  Member.     Moved  to  New  Haven,  1795. 


1837.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1837.     A.  B.,  Amherst,  1832.     Died,  1845. 

,  Ifatrtcs. 

1836.     NEW  BRITAIN. 

(147) 


JDcniscm. 

1836.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Vale,  1825.     B.  A.,  Vale,  1823.     Died,  1839. 


ilvxxssclt, 

1837.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Vale,  1837.     A.  B.,  A.  M.,  Trinity,  1834.     Pres.  Conn.   Mecl. 
Society,  1871. 

Jfctcjc,  <<3£Utiam  itcrmi. 

1849.     UNIONVILLE. 
M.  D.,  Vale,  1849.     Expelled,  1857. 

jlaltmavslx,  jlcllx. 

1843.     HARTFORD. 
Removed,  Nov.,  1846. 


Wanted, 

1837.    SIMSBURY. 
M.  D.,  Berkshire,  1836.     Died.  Sept.  23,  1892. 

,  MlUXxam. 

1840.     MANCHESTER. 

M.  D.,  Berkshire,  1831.     Died,  1877  ;  ret.,  70. 


jgcavs,  ©xxslxraaix 

1865.     EAST  GLASTONBURY. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1862.     Moved  to  Portland,  Middlesex  Co. 


1888.     EAST   HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1888. 


1887.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1882. 

(148) 


^hcphcvcl,  (Ocovgc  Slew  bens. 

1871.     HARTFORD. 
M.  I).,  Vale,  1866.      Member  of  New  Haven  Co.  Me.l.  Society,  lS(ii. 

^huvttcff,  §imccm. 

1838.     SIMSBURY. 
M.  D.,  Berkshire,  1835.     Died,  1865. 

Silt,  £hcocUm\ 

1833.     WINDSOR. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1831.     Died,  1853. 

Simpson,  2*vjcrtcvlc1v  i'homus. 

1886.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Maine  Med.  Coll.,  1884. 


v,  Ifahn. 

1792.     EAST   HARTFORD. 
Original  Member.     Moved  to  New  Haven, 


1846.     WINDSOR  LOCKS. 

M.  D.,  Vale,  1846.      B.  A.,  Vale,   1X42.      Surgeon  4th   Reg't.   C.    \  ., 
1861.     Surgeon  U.  S.  V.,  1865.     Moved  to  Toledo,  O. 


Smith,  glihxi 

1792.    WETHERSFIELD. 

Original  Member.     B.  A.,  M.  A.,  Yale,  1786.     Moved  to  New  York 
City,  1793.     Died,  Sept.  19,  1798  ;  xt.,  27. 

Smith,  |£*jcxICKijcK  Jmmncv. 

1883.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1882.     B.  A.,  Yale,  1879.     Moved  to  Chester,  Middlesex 
Co. 

Smith,  gohtx. 

1809.     EAST   HARTFORD. 

(149) 


§mith,  (Oliucv 

1884.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  L.  I.  Coll.  Hosp.,  1883. 

,§>pi\UUn0,  JVsa  i^ 

1833.      MARLBOROUGH. 

M.   D.,  Vale,  1832;  also  Berkshire,  1833.     Died,  June  7,  1864:  ret. 
58. 

^paUUixg;  gxxtlxcv. 

1822.     GLASTONBURY. 
Member  of  Windham  Co.  Med.  Society,  1816.     Died,  1825. 

JipatfxaiuU,  Jonathan  ihxbbavxl. 

1808.     HARTFORD. 
M.  B.,  Dartmouth,  1802  ;  M.  D.,  1812.     Died,  1819  ;  set.,  38. 

Stanley,  JVdmt. 

1792.     BERLIN. 
Original  Member.      Honorably  Discharged,  1811. 

j^tcaxlmau,  l&UUavxl 

1878.     SOUTHINGTON. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1875. 


1860.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1855.  B.  A.,  Yale,  1853.  Surgeon  1st  Reg't,  C.  Y., 
1861.  Surgeon  U.  S.  V.,  1861.  Bvt.  Lieut.-Col.  IT.  S.  V.,  1865.  Sup't 
Retreat,  1874.  Lecturer  on  Insanity,  Yale. 


J»tcucixf 

1880.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1872.     Died,  June  25,  1887. 

jit  lf0Txnr  jlaraxtjcl  Benedict. 

1879.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1870.     B.  A.,  Yale,  1866  ;  M.  A., 
1869. 

(150) 


1837.     GLASTONBURY. 

M.    D.,   Berkshire,   1S3($.      Hon.   deg.    M.   D.,    Yak-,    1855.       Surge 
17th  Reg't,  C.  V.,  1864. 

§tcmc,  Ijaij  Jttcphjcu. 

1869.     NEW  BRITAIN. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1869. 


s>tc»vvs,  fifcXclancthcm. 

1867.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1853.  B.  A.  Yale,  1852.  Member  of  New  London  Co. 
Med.  Society,  1857.  Surgeon  8th  Reg't,  C.  V.,  1861.  Pres.  Conn.  Med. 
Society,  1890. 


1869.     THOMPSONVILLE. 
M.  D.,  Albany,  1839. 

,  ^CatTxan,  21  v. 

1810.     HARTFORD. 
Honorably  Dismissed,  1821. 


1808.     MARLBOROUGH. 
Honorably  Dismissed,  1810. 


iuanr  Daniel  Baucis. 

1892.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Niagara  Univ.,  1891.     A.  1!.,  Niagara  Univ.,  1889. 


1819.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  Pa.,  1817.  B.  A.,  M.  A.,  Yale,  1813.  Prof.  Botany, 
Trinity  Coll.  Pres.  Conn.  Med.  Society,  1849.  Died,  Feb.  20,  1855  ; 
ret.,  61. 

(151) 


§xxmncv,  OGcjovjgc  ©iiucv. 

1833.     GLASTONBURY. 

Hon.   cleg.   M.   D.,   Yale,   1846.      Member  of  New   London  Co.   Mecl. 
Society,  1829.      Died  in  Coventry,  Tolland  Co.,  Nov.  24,  187?  ;  cet.,  77. 

§xxvvxrtjgc,  (Chavles  CSvccnuiUc. 

1879.     BROAD  BROOK. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1879.     Moved  to  New  Haven,  1881. 


1885.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  \>.  and  S.,  New  York,  1878. 


jlxuascxi,  3|vastxxs 

1872.     NEW  BRITAIN. 
M.  1).,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1869. 


1811.     FARMINGTON. 
Member  of  \Yindham  Co.  Med.  Society,  1821. 

3Jaft,  ©IxavUs  gxva. 

1888.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Harvard,  1886. 


3,>UuYtr 

1878.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1877.     Moved  to  New  York  City. 


1857.     HARTFORD. 

Died,  August,  1858. 


£jevvxj,  ^(TvUxit  lUxssett. 

1831.     HARTFORD. 

M.   IX,  Yale,  1831.     A.   M.,  Trinity,  1836.     Prof.   Chem.  and  Nat. 
History,  Bristol  Coll.,  Pa.     Died  in  Chicago,  Dec.  3,  1864. 

(152) 


3,'cvnr,  2TcVium*ct  IVmcvoy. 

1823.     HARTFORD. 
M.  1).,  Vale,  1823.     H.  A.,  Yale,  1820.      Died,  1848. 


1884.     HARTFORD. 
M.  I).,  Univ.  N.  V.,  1882.      Moved  to  Topeka,  Kan. 


ajtxmnson,  ^saTxd. 

1824.     FARMINGTON. 

Hon.  cleg.  M.  D.,  Yale,  1859.     B.  A.,  Yale,  1810.     Died,  18(56  ;  xt.. 
76. 

giffamj,  I^UxsscIt  ^osfovd. 

1840.     HARTFORD. 

M.   D.,   Castleton,    1837.      Member  of    I.itchfield   Co.    Med.    Society, 
1838.     Died,  Feb.  6,  1892  ;  xt.,  80. 


1880.     SOUTH   MANCHESTER. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1880. 


1792.     FARMINGTON. 

Original  Member.  Hon.  cleg.  M.  D.,  Conn.  Med.  Society,  1813.  B. 
A.,  Yale,  1787.  Pres.  Conn.  Med.  Society,  1827.  First  Sup't  of  the 
Retreat.  Died,  Nov.  17,  1833  ;  xt.,  64. 

a^jcmatnc,  "SSlUtiam  Benvix. 

1839.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Berkshire,  1838.  Member  of  Middlesex  Co.  Med.  Society, 
1845.  Died,  April  30,  1883  ;  xt.,  68. 


1882.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  Vt.,  1881.     Moved  to  New  York. 

(153) 


irxx  rt  o  v,  gdxu  a  v  (1  . 

1792.     EAST  WINDSOR. 
Oriinal  Member. 


1792.     EAST  WINDSOR. 


Corporator  of  the  Conn.  Med.  Society.     M.  D.,  Dartmouth,  1790,  and 
Conn.  Med.  Society,  1793.     B.  A.,  Yale,  1750.     Died,  1826  ;  xt..  93. 


r  MlxUxam. 

1811.     ENFIELD. 

Licensed  by  the  Conn.  Med.  Society,  1810.  M.  D.,  Yale,  1819. 
B.  A.,  M.  A.,  Yale,  1806.  Pres.  and  Prof.  Practice  of  Med.,  Castleton 
Med.  Coll.,  1824.  Prof.  Materia  Med.,  Yale,  1829.  Moved  to  New 
Haven,  1830.  Died  in  Springfield,  Mass.,  Feb.  28,  1859  ;  rct.,  74. 

gxx  v\ib  xt  II,  £  h  arnas  . 

1891.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  Pa.,  1887.     B.  S.,  Cornell  Univ.,  1888. 


1851.     BLOOMFIELD. 

M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1847.     Moved  to  Hamilton,   Mo. 
Died,  1885. 


1832.    SUFFIELD. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1845.     Died,  1889. 


Herd. 

1892.     BROAD  BROOK. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  Baltimore,  1892. 


1892.     THOMPSONVILLE. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  Baltimore,  1882 

(154) 


rth,  i'hco  (1  ovc. 

1792.     SOUTHINGTON. 

Original  Member.      Honorably  Dismissed,  1S04. 

xtalaclsiuovth,  i'hco  dove  Heavy. 

1834.     NEWINGTON. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1833.      Member  of   New  Haven  Co.  Med.  Society,  IS:}:}. 
Died,  1843. 

aalaiaivrvight,  MlUtiam  JVtujustxxs  lUxxhlcabxxnv 

1869.     HARTFORD. 

M.   D.,   Coll.    P.   and  S.,    New  York,   1867.      A.    B.,   A.    M.,  Trinity. 
1864.      Prof.  Anat.  and  Physiol.,  Trinity,  1871. 

Stales,  gcimi  c  \  . 

1843.     WEST   HARTFORD. 

Mlavrt,  iJ0sia:h  I^Xcigs. 

1823. 


x&tavncv, 

1849.     WETHERSFIELD. 

M.  D.,  Dartmouth,  1848.     A.   B.,   Dartmouth,  1S42.      Surgeon    16th 
Reg't,  C.  V.,  1862. 


1873.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1867.     Died,   May  28,   1884  ;  rut., 


41. 


,  Hovacc 

1888.  COLLINSVILLE. 

M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1885.     A.  B.,  Williams,  18S1. 

WatTUas,  ^latph  livucc. 

1889.  SOUTH   MANCHESTER. 

M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  Baltimore,  1883.      Asst.  Surgeon   U.  S.  Marin 
Hosp.  Service,  1884.     Died,  June  19,  1890  ;  xt.,  29. 

(155) 


Mlatscm,  Bmvm. 

1826.     EAST  WINDSOR. 

Died,  1854. 


1876.     BRISTOL. 


M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1849.     Member  of  Middlesex  Co.  Med.  Society, 
1850  ;  of  the  New  Haven  Co.  Med.  Society,  1858. 


WiK'AVKV,   GvIi 

1881.     NORTH   MANCHESTER. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  Baltimore,  1870. 


1829.     GLASTONBURY. 
M.  D.,  Dartmouth,  1827.     Moved  to  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


stiixc  games. 

1861.     SOUTH   MANCHESTER. 
M.  D.,  Berkshire,  1857.     Died,  Jan.  1,  1864;  set.,  28. 


1829.     EASTBURY. 


1879.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1878. 


1811.     CANTON. 


1833.     HARTFORD. 

Hon.  deg.  M.  D.,  Yale,  1836.     Member  of  Windham  Co.  Med.  Soci- 
ety, 1825.     Tres.  Conn.  Med.  Society,  1846.     Died,  May  6,  1853;  xt.,  59. 

(156) 


Mlclch,  (Oeovgc  ^£e 

1881.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  1'.  and  S.,  New  York,  18TS. 

Wiclls,  games. 

1793.     BERLIN. 
Surgeon  U.  S.  Navy,  1799. 


$vemc. 

MFIELD. 
M.  D.,  Vale,  1844.     Died,  May  4,  1S71  ;  .„!.,  (il. 


1844.     BLOOMFIELD. 


1792.     BERLIN. 

Original  Member.     M.   D.,  Vale,  181(5.     15.   A.,   Vale,   1781.      Di 
1837. 


1859.     FARMINGTON. 

M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  Vork.  1852.      1!.  A..  Vale,  1X47  ;    M.   A. 
1867. 


MlMtc, 

1832.     SIMSBURY. 

M.  D.,  Vale,  1832.     Died,  1887. 


Mlhitotx,  Baucis 

1879.     MANCHESTER. 

M.  D.,  Dartmouth,  1872. 


re,  ^5  vanlili  n  gjo  h  n  . 

1857.     SUFFIELD. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  V.,  1851.     Member  of  New   Haven  Co.   Med.   S 
ety,  1857.     Moved  to  Clyde,  Ohio. 

(157) 


,  3fustus  itlcnsloxu. 

1824.     WEST  GRANBY. 
Hon.  M.  D.,  Vale,  1855.     Died,  March  27,  1871  ;  a-t.,  70. 

',  l^xxcxatx  Jtamncv. 

1858.     HARTFORD. 

M.   D.,   Yale,   1855.     B.    A.,   Yale,    1850.      Prof.    Theory    and  Prac. 
Yale,  1878.     Died,  Nov.  26,  1881  ;  a-t.,  55. 


1840.     FARMINGTON. 


1829.     MANCHESTER. 


Hon.  deg.  M.  D.,  Yale,  1842.     Member  of  Litchneld  Co.  Mecl.  Soci- 
ety, 1828.     Died,  Oct.  6,  1857  ;  xt.,  57. 


Joseph. 

1888.     BRISTOL. 
M.  D.,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  Baltimore,  1886. 


Wiilson, 

1848.     HARTFORD. 

M.  D.,  Jefferson,  1841.     Hon.  deg.  A.  M.,  Trinity,  1853.     Died,  Oct. 
4,  1855;  xt.,  37. 


WLilsan,  Jamxxcl 

1855     WINDSOR. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1852. 


1792.     WINDSOR. 
Original  Member.      Honorably  Dismissed,  1803. 

(158) 


ifacob. 

1886.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.,  Texas  Med.  Coll.,  187G  ;  Bellevue.  18X3. 


1848.     EAST  WINDSOR  HILL. 
M.  D.,  Univ.  N.  Y.,  1847.     Died,  Ant;.  9,  1885  ;  .vt.,  63. 

i00&bvi&,QC;  William  . 

1844.     MANCHESTER. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1844.      B.  A.,  Vale,  1841.      Died,  1888. 


1839.     NEW  BRITAIN. 


1823. 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1823.     Moved  to  New  Haven.     Died,  1842. 


1885.     HARTFORD. 
M.  D.(  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York,  1881.      Moved  to  Brookline,  Mass. 


1842.    WEST  SUFFIELD. 


1822.     WINDSOR. 


Hon.   cleg.   M.    I).,   Yale,   1837.      Moved  to  Middletown,  1832.      1'r 
Conn.  Med.  Society,  1867.     Died,  May  18,  1870  ;  a-t.,  72. 


1818. 

Hon.  deg.  M.  D.,  Yale,  1828.     Moved  to  Middlesex  Co.,  1822.     Died, 
1832. 

(159) 


uSloxvclivuxvrt,  Samuel  33ayixvrt. 

1816.     WETHERSFIELD. 

Hon.  cleg.  M.  D.,  Vale,  1822.  Moved  to  Worcester,  Mass.  Sup't 
Mass.  Hosp.  for  the  Insane.  Hon.  Member  Conn.  Mecl.  Society,  1835. 
Died,  Jan.  3,  1850;  net.,  62. 


v,  (Hxixvlcs 

1885.     TARIFFVILLE 

M.  D.,  Univ.  X.  V.,  1879. 


,  gft.e0.fl  cr  vc  05a0dcXtc. 

1878.     NEW  BRITAIN 

M.  D.,  Univ.  X.  V.,  1865.     Member  of  Litchfield  Co.   Med.  Society, 
1873. 


(160) 


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